Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and CollegesMachine readable text

Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges
Edited by: J. B. Greenough
G. L. Kittredge
A. A. Howard
Benj. L. D'Ooge

Perseus Documents Collection Table of Contents

PART FIRSTWORDS AND FORMS
   THE ALPHABET
   ORTHOGRAPHY
   THE PARTS OF SPEECH
   INFLECTION
   GENDER
   NUMBER AND CASE
   DECLENSION OF NOUNS
   FIRST DECLENSION (-STEMS)
   SECOND DECLENSION (o-STEMS)
   THIRD DECLENSION (CONSONANT AND i-STEMS)
   FOURTH DECLENSION
   FIFTH DECLENSION (-STEMS)
   DEFECTIVE NOUNS
   VARIABLE NOUNS
   NAMES OF PERSONS
   ADJECTIVES
   FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS (- AND o-STEMS)
   THIRD DECLENSION (CONSONANT AND i-STEMS)
   COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
   NUMERALS
   PRONOUNS
   VERBS: CONJUGATION OF THE VERB
   SIGNIFICATION OF THE FORMS OF THE VERB
   PERSONAL ENDINGS
   FORMS OF THE VERB
   The Four Conjugations
   Forms of Conjugation
   PARTICLES
   CONJUNCTIONS
   FORMATION OF WORDS
   COMPOUND WORDS

PART SECONDSYNTAX
   INTRODUCTORY NOTE
   THE SENTENCE
   AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES
   PRONOUNS
   VERBS
   PARTICLES
   CONJUNCTIONS
   QUESTIONS
   CONSTRUCTION OF CASES
   SYNTAX OF THE VERB
   SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES
   INDIRECT DISCOURSE
   IMPORTANT RULES OF SYNTAX
   ORDER OF WORDS

PROSODY
   QUANTITY
   RHYTHM
   VERSIFICATION
   FORMS OF VERSE
   MISCELLANEOUS
   GLOSSARY: OF TERMS USED IN GRAMMAR, RHETORIC, AND PROSODY

Funded by The Annenberg CPB/Project

PART FIRSTWORDS AND FORMS

DECLENSION OF NOUNS

[36]

Declension is produced by adding terminations originally significant to different forms of stems, vowel or consonant. The various phonetic corruptions in the language have given rise to the several declensions. Most of the case-endings, as given in Latin, contain also the final letter of the stem.

Adjectives are, in general, declined like nouns, and are etymologically to be classed with them; but they have several peculiarities of inflection (see 109 ff.).

[37]

Nouns are inflected in five Declensions, distinguished by the final letter (characteristic) of the Stem, and by the case-ending of the Genitive Singular.

DECL. 1 CHARACTERISTIC GEN. SING. ae

2

3 or a Consonant s

4 s

5

[a]

The Stem of a noun may be found, if a consonant stem, by omitting the case-ending; if a vowel stem, by substituting for the case-ending the characteristic vowel. [p. 17]

[38]

The following are General Rules of Declension:

[a]

The Vocative is always the same as the Nominative, except in the singular of nouns and adjectives in -us of the second declension, which have -e in the vocative. It is not included in the paradigms, unless it differs from the nominative.

[b]

In neuters the Nominative and Accusative are always alike, and in the plural end in -.

[c]

The Accusative singular of all masculines and feminines ends in -m; the Accusative plural in -s.

[d]

In the last three declensions (and in a few cases in the others) the Dative singular ends in -.

[e]

The Dative and Ablative plural are always alike.

[f]

The Genitive plural always ends in -um.

[g]

Final -i, -o, -u of inflection are always long; final -a is short, except in the Ablative singular of the first declension; final -e is long in the first and fifth declensions, short in the second and third. Final -is and -us are long in plural cases.

Case-endings of the Five Declensions

The regular Case-endings of the several declensions are the following: ²⁰

DECL. I DECL. II DECL. III DECL. IV DECL. V

SINGULAR

F. M. N. M.,F. N. M. N. F.

NOM. -a -us -um -s -us - -s

---- (modifled stem)

GEN. -ae - -is -s - (-)

DAT. -ae - - -u (-) - - (-)

ACC. -am -um -um -em (-im) (like nom.) -um - -em

ABL. - - -e (-) - -

VOC. -a -e -um (like nom.) -us - -s

PLURAL

N.V. -ae - -a -s -a, -ia -s -ua -s

GEN. -rum -rum -um, -ium -uum -rum

D.AB. -s -s -ibus -ibus (-ubus) -bus

ACC. -s -s -a -s (-s) -a, -ia -s -ua -s

[p. 18]