Introduction

to himself
. What other person is there more bold than I, or who more stout of heart, who know the humours of young men [TLN 154] ¹⁴ , and who am walking at this hour of night alone? What shall I do, if now the officers of the watch [TLN 155] ¹⁵ should thrust me into prison. To-morrow shall I be dealt out from there [TLN 156] ¹⁶ , just as though from a store-closet, for a whipping; nor will it be allowed me to plead my cause, nor will there be a bit of aid from my master; nor will there be a person but that they will imagine, all of them, that I am deserving. And so will eight sturdy fellows be thumping on wretched me just like an anvil; in this way, just come from foreign parts, I shall be received with hospitality by the public. The inconsiderateness of my master compels me to this, who has packed me off from the harbour at this time of night whether I would or no. Couldn't he as well have sent me here by daylight? For this reason, is servitude to a man of high station a greater hardship; for this reason is the servant of a wealthy man the more wretched: both night and day, without ceasing, there is enough, and more than enough of work for him; for doing or for saying occasion is ever arising, so that you can't be at rest. The master, abounding in servants [TLN 170] ¹⁷ , and free from labour himself; thinks that whatever he happens to choose, can be done; he thinks that just, and reckons not what the labour is; nor will he ever consider whether he commands a thing that's reasonable or unreasonable. Wherefore, in servitude many hardships do befall us; in pain this burden must be borne and endured.

(
to the AUDIENCE
). 'Twere with better reason for me to complain of servitude after this fashion; I, who to-day was free, and whom my father is now employing as a slave: this fellow is complaining, who was born a slave.

to himself
. Really I am a rascal beyond a doubt; for only this moment it has suggested itself to me, that on my arrival I should give thanks, and address the Gods for their kindnesses vouchsafed. For surely, by my troth, if they were only desirous to give me a return according to my deserts, they would commission some person on my arrival soundly to box my ears, since those kindnesses which they have done me I have held as worthless and of no value.

apart
. He does what people are not generally in the habit of doing, in knowing what his deserts are.

to himself
. What I never expected, nor any one else of my townsmen, to befall him, that same has come to pass, for us to come home safe and sound. Victorious, the enemy conquered, the troops are returning home, this very mighty war brought to an end, and the enemy slain. A city that has caused many a bitter death for the Theban people, that same has been conquered by the strength and valour of our soldiers, and taken by storm, under the command and conduct of my master Amphitryon in especial. With booty, territory, and glory [TLN 193] ¹⁸ , too, has he loaded his fellow-citizens, and for Creon, King of Thebes, has he firmly fixed his sway. From the harbour he has sent me before him to his house that I may bear these tidings to his wife, how he has promoted the public good by his guidance, conduct, and command. This now will I consider, in what manner I shall address her, when I've arrived there. If I tell a falsehood. I shall be doing as I am accustomed after my usual wont; for when they were fighting with all their might, then with all my might I ran away. But still I shall pretend as though I was present, and I'll tell her what I heard. But in what manner and with what expressions it is right for me to tell my story, I still wish first to consider here with myself.
He assumes an attitude of thought.
In these terms will I give this narrative. "In the first place, when we arrived there, when first we made land, Amphitryon immediately made choice of the powerful men among the chieftains. Those he despatched on the embassy, and bade them tell his mind to the Teleboans; that if without constraint and without warfare they should be ready to deliver up what was plundered and the plunderers, and if they should be ready to restore what they had carried off, he would immediately conduct the army homewards, that the Greeks would depart from their territory, and that he would grant peace and quietness to them : but if they should be otherwise disposed, and not concede the things which he demanded, he, in consequence, would attack their city with extreme violence and with his men. When the embassadors had repeated these things, which Amphitryon had enjoined, in order to the Teleboans, being men stout of heart, relying on their valour, and confident in their prowess, they rebuked our embassadors very rudely. They answered that they were able in warfare to protect themselves and theirs, and that at once they must lead the army with all haste out of their territories. When the embassadors brought back this message, straightway Amphitryon drew out all his army from the encampment; on the other side, the Teleboans led forth their legions from the town, furnished with most gorgeous arms. After they had gone forth on either side in full array, the soldiers were marshalled, the ranks were formed. We, after our manner and usage, drew up our legions; the enemy, too, drew up their legions facing us. Then either general went forth into the mid-space beyond the throng of the ranks, and they parleyed together. It was agreed between them, that, which ever side should be conquered in that battle, they should surrender up their city, lands, altars, hearths. and theraselves. After that was done, the trumpets on either side gave the signal; the earth re-echoed, they raised a shout on either side. Each general, both upon this side and on that, offered vows to Jupiter, and then encouraged his troops. Each man according to his ability does that which each one can and has the strength to do; he smites with his falchion; the weapons crash; the welkin bellows with the uproar of the men; of breaths and pantings a cloud is formed; men fall by wounds inflicted by men. At length, as we desired, our troops conquered; the foe fell in numbers; ours, on the other hand, pressed on; firm in our strength, we were victorious. But still not one betook himself to flight, nor yet gave way at his post, but standing there [TLN 239] ¹⁹ he waged the combat. Sooner than quit the spot, they parted with their lives; each, as he stood, lay there and kept his rank in death. When my master Amphitryon saw this, at once he ordered the cavalry on the right to charge. The cavalry obeyed directly; from the right wing, with a tremendous shout, with brisk onset they rushed on; and rightfully did they slaughter and trample down the impious forces of the foe."

apart
. Not even one word of these has he yet uttered correctly; for I was there in the battle personally, and my father too, when it was fought.

continuing
. "The enemy betook themselves to flight. Then was new spirit added to our men, the Teleboans flying, with darts were their bodies filled, and Amphitryon himself, with his own hand, struck off the head of Pterelas their king. This battle was being fought there even from the morning till the evening. This do I the better remember for this reason; because on that day I went without my breakfast. But night at last, by its interposing, cut short this combat. The next day, the chiefs came weeping from the city to us at the camp. With covered hands [TLN 257] ²⁰ , they entreated us to pardon their offences; and they all surrendered rendered up themselves. and all things divine and human, their city and their children, into the possession and unto the disposal of the Theban people. Lastly, by reason of his valour, a golden goblet was presented to my master Amphitryon, from which king Pterelas [TLN 261] ²¹ had been used to drink." These things I'll thus tell my mistress. I'll now proceed to obey my master's order and to betake me home.
He moves.

apart
. Heyday! he's about to come this way; I'll go meet him; and I'll not permit this fellow at any time to-day to approach this house. Since I have his form upon myself, I'm resolved to play the fellow off. And indeed, since I have taken upon me his figure and his station, it is right for me likewise to have actions and manners like to his. Therefore it befits me to be artful, crafty, very cunning, and by his own weapon, artfulness, to drive him from the door. But what means this? He is looking up at the sky. I'll watch what scheme he's about.

looking up at the sky
. Upon my faith, for sure, if there is aught besides that I believe, or know for certain, I do believe that this night the God of Night [TLN 272] ²² has gone to sleep drunk; for neither does the Wain move itself in any direction in the sky, nor does the Moon bestir herself anywhere from where she first arose; nor does Orion [TLN 275] ²³ , or the Evening Star [TLN 275] ²⁴ , or the Pleiades, set. In such a fashion are the stars standing stock-still, and the night is yielding not a jot to the day.

apart
. Go on, Night, as you've begun, and pay obedience to my father. In best style [TLN 278] ²⁵ , the best of services are you performing for the best of beings; in giving this, you reap a fair return.

to himself
. I do not think that I have ever seen a longer night than this, except one of like fashion, which livelong night I was hanging up, having been first whipped. Even that as well, by my troth, does this one by far exceed in its length. I' faith, I really do believe that the Sun's asleep, and is thoroughly drenched. It's a wonder to me if he hasn't indulged himself a little too much at dinner.

apart
. Do you really say so, you scoundrel? Do you think that the Gods are like yourself? I' faith, you hang-dog, I'll entertain you for these speeches and misdeeds of yours; only come this way, will you, and you'll find your ruin.

to himself
. Where are those wenchers, who unwillingly lie a-bed alone? A rare night this for making the best of what was a bad bargain at first [TLN 288] ²⁶ .

apart
. My father then, according to this fellow's words, is doing rightly and wisely, who in his amorousness, indulging his passion, is lying in the embraces of Alcmena.

to himself
. I'll go tell Alemena, as my master ordered me.
(Advancing, he discovers MERCURY.)
But who is this fellow that I see before the house at this time of night? I don't like it.

aside
. There is not in existence another such cowardly fellow as this.

aside
. Now, when I think of it, this fellow wishes to take my mantle off once more [TLN 294] ²⁷ .

aside
. The fellow's afraid; I'll have some sport with him.

aside
. I'm quite undone, my teeth are chattering. For sure, on my arrival, he is about to receive me with the hospitality of his fist. He's a merciful person, I suppose; now, because my master has obliged me to keep awake, with his fists just now he'll be making me go to sleep. I'm most confoundedly undone. Troth now, prithee, look, how big and how strong he is.

aside
. I'll talk at him aloud, he shall hear what I say. Therefore indeed, in a still greater degree, shall he conceive fears within himself.
In a loud voice, holding up his fists.
Come, fists, it's a long time now since you found provision for my stomach; it seems to have taken place quite a long time ago, when yesterday you laid four men asleep, stript naked.

aside
. I'm dreadfully afraid lest I should be changing my name here, and become a Quintus [TLN 305] ²⁸ instead of a Sosia. He declares that he has laid four men asleep; I fear lest I should be adding to that number.

throwing about his arms
. Well, now then for it. This is the way I intend.

aside
. He is girded tight; for sure, he's getting himself ready.

He shan't get off without getting a thrashing.

aside
. What person, I wonder? MERC. Beyond a doubt, whatever person comes this way, he shall eat my fists.

aside
. Get out with you, I don't wish to eat at this time of night; I've lately dined. Therefore do you, if you are wise, bestow your dinner on those who are hungry.

The weight of this fist is no poor one.

aside
. I'm done for; he is poising his fists.

What if I were to touch him, stroking him down [TLN 313] ²⁹ , so that he may go to sleep?

aside
. You would be proving my salvation; for I've been watching most confoundedly these three nights running [TLN 314] ³⁰ .

My hand refuses to learn to strike his cheek; it cannot do a disgraceful action. Hand of mine, of a changed form must he become whom you smite with this fist.

aside
. This fellow will be furbishing me up, and be moulding my face anew.

to his fist
. The man that you hit full, his face must surely be boned.

aside
. It's a wonder if this fellow isn't thinking of boning me just like a lamprey. Away with a fellow that bones people! If he sees me, I'm a dead man.

Some fellow is stinking to his destruction.

aside
. Woe to me! Is it I that stink?

And he cannot be very far off; but he has been a long way off from here.

aside
. This person's a wizard [TLN 323] ³¹ .

My fists are longing.

aside
. If you are going to exercise them upon me, I beg that you'll first cool them down against the wall.

A voice has come flying to my ears.

aside
. Unlucky fellow, for sure, was I, who didn't clip its wings. I've got a voice with wings, it seems.

This fellow is demanding of me for himself a heavy punishment for his beast's back [TLN 327] ³² .

aside
. As for me, I've got no beast's back.

He must be well loaded with my fists.

aside
. I' faith, I'm fatigued, coming from board ship, when I was brought hither; even now I'm sea-sick. Without a burden, I can hardly creep along, so don't think that with a load I can go.

Why, surely, somebody [TLN 331] ³³ is speaking here.

aside
. I'm all right, he doesn't see me; he thinks it's "Somebody" speaking: Sosia is certainly my name.

But here, from the right-hand side, the voice, as it seems, strikes upon my ear.

aside
. I'm afraid that I shall be getting a thrashing here this day, in place of my voice, that's striking him.
Moves.

Here he is--he's coming towards me, most opportunely.

aside
. I'm terrified--I'm numbed all over. Upon my faith, I don't know where in the world I now am, if any one should ask me; and to my misfortune, I cannot move myself for fright. It's all up with me; the orders of his master and Sosia are lost together. But I'm determined boldly to address this fellow to his face, so that I may be able to appear valiant to him; that he may keep his hands off me
Advances towards the door.

accosting him
. Where are you going, you that are carrying Vulcan enclosed in your horn [TLN 341] ³⁴ ?

Why do you make that enquiry, you who are boning men's heads with your fists?

Are you slave or free man?

Just as it suits my inclination.

Do you really say so?

I really do say so.

Whip-scoundrel [TLN 344] ³⁵ !

Now you are telling a lie.

But I'll soon make you own that I'm telling the truth.

What necessity is there for it?

Can I know whence you have set out, whose you are, or why you are come?

pointing
. This way I'm going, and I'm the servant of my master. Are you any the wiser now?

I'll this day make you be holding that foul tongue of yours.

You can't; it is kept pure [TLN 348] ³⁶ and becomingly.

Do you persist in chattering? What business now have you at this house?
Points to the house.

Aye, and what business have you?

King Creon always sets a watch every night.

He does right; because we were abroad, he has been protecting our house. But however, do go in now, and say that some of the family servants have arrived.

How far you are one of the family servants I don't know. But unless you are off from here this instant, family servant as you are, I'll make you to be received in no familiar style.

Here, I say, I live, and of these people I am the servant.

But do you understand how it is? Unless you are off, I'll make you to be exalted [TLN 357] ³⁷ this day.

In what way, pray?

You shall be carried off, you shan't walk away, if I take up a stick.

But I declare that I am one of the domestics of this family.

Consider, will you, how soon you want a drubbing, unless you are off from here this instant.

Do you want, as I arrive from foreign parts, to drive me from my home?

Is this your home?

It is so, I say.

Who is your master, then?

Amphitryon, who is now the general of the Theban forces, to whom Alcmena is married.

How say you? What's your name?

The Thebans call me Sosia, the son of my father Davus.

Assuredly, at your peril have you come here this day, with your trumped-up lies, your patched-up knaveries, you essence of effrontery.

Why no, it's rather with garments patched-up that I'm arrived here, not with knaveries.

Why, you are lying again; you come with your feet, surely, and not with your garments.

Yes, certainly.

Then certainly take that for your lie.
He strikes him.

By my troth, I certainly don't wish for it of course.

But by my faith, you certainly shall have it of course, whether you wish or not: for, in fact, this is certainly my determination, and it is not at your own option.
He strikes him.

Mercy, I entreat of you.

Do you dare to say that you are Sosia, when I myself am he?
Strikes him.

crying at the top of his voice
. I'm being murdered.

Why, you are crying out for a trifle as yet, compared with what it will be. Whose are you now?

Your own; for with your fists you have laid hands on me [TLN 375] ³⁸ . Help, help, citizens of Thebes.
MERCURY striking him.

What, still bawling, you scoundrel? Speak--what have you come for?

For there to be somebody for you to belabour with your fists.

Whose are you?

Amphitryon's Sosia, I tell you.

For this reason then you shall be beaten the more, because you prate thus idly; I am Sosia, not you.

aside
. I wish the Gods would have it so, that you were he in preference, and that I were thrashing you.

What, muttering still?
Strikes him
.

I'll hold my tongue then.

Who is your master?

Whoever you like.

How then? What's your name now?

Nothing but what you shall command.

You said that you were Amphitryon's Sosia.

I made a mistake; but this I meant to say, that I was Amphitryon's associate [TLN 384] ³⁹ .

Why, I was sure that we had no servant called Sosia except myself. Your senses are forsaking you.

I wish that those fists of yours had done so.

I am that Sosia, whom you were just now telling me that you are.

I pray that I may be allowed to discourse with you in quietness, so as not to be beaten.

Well then, let there be a truce for a short time, if you want to say anything.

I'll not speak unless peace is concluded, since you are the stronger with your fists.

If you wish to say anything, speak; I'll not hurt you.

Am I to trust in your word?

Yes, in my word.

What, if you deceive me?

Why, then may Mercury be angry with Sosia [TLN 392] ⁴⁰ .

Then give attention: now I'm at liberty to say in freedom anything I please. I am Sosia, servant of Amphitryon.

What, again?
Offering to strike him.

I have concluded the peace, ratified the treaty--I speak the truth.

Take that, then.
Hie strikes him.

As you please, and what you please, pray do, since you are the stronger with your fists. But whatever you shall do, still, upon my faith, I really shall not be silent about that.

So long as you live, you shall never make me to be any other than Sosia at this moment.

I' faith, you certainly shall never make me to be any other person than my own self; and besides myself we have no other servant of the name of Sosia--myself, who went hence on the expedition together with Amphitryon.

This fellow is not in his senses.

The malady that you impute to me, you have that same yourself. How, the plague, am I not Sosia, the servant of Amphitryon? Has not our ship, which brought me, arrived here this night from the Persian port [TLN 404] ⁴¹ ? Has not my master sent me here? Am I not now standing before our house? Have I not a lantern in my hand? Am I not talking? Am I not wide awake? Has not this fellow been thumping me with his fists? By my troth [TLN 408] ⁴² , he has been doing so; for even now, to my pain, my cheeks are tingling. Why, then, do I hesitate? Or why don't I go in-doors into our house?
He makes towards the door.

stepping between
. How--your house?

Indeed it really is so.

Why, all that you have been saying just now, you have trumped up; I surely am Amphitryon's Sosia. For in the night this ship of ours weighed anchor from the Persian port, and where king Pterelas reigned, the city we took by storm, and the legions of the Teleboans in fighting we took by arms, and Amphitryon himself cut off the head of king Pterelas in battle.

aside
. I do not trust my own self, when I hear him affirm these things; certainly, he really does relate exactly the things that were done there.
Aloud.
But how say you? What spoil from the Teleboans was made a present to Amphitryon?

A golden goblet, from which king Pterelas used to drink.

aside
. He has said the truth. Where now is this goblet?

'Tis in a casket, sealed with the seal of Amphitryon.

Tell me, what is the seal?

The Sun rising with his chariot. Why are you on the catch for me, you villain?

aside
. He has overpowered me with his proofs. I must look out for another name. I don't know from whence he witnessed these things. I'll now entrap him finely; for what I did alone by myself, and when not another person was present in the tent, that, he certainly will never be able this day to tell me.
Aloud.
If you are Sosia, when the armies were fighting most vigorously, what were you doing in the tent? If you tell me that, I'm vanquished.

There was a cask of wine; from it I filled an earthen pot [TLN 429] ⁴³ .

aside
. He has got upon the track.

That I drew full of pure wine, just as it was born from the mother grape.

aside
. It's a wonder if this fellow wasn't lying hid inside of that earthen pot. It is the fact, that there I did drink an earthen pot full of wine.

Well--do I now convince you by my proofs that you are not Sosia?

Do you deny that I am?

Why should I not deny it, who am he myself?

By Jupiter I swear that I am he, and that I do not say false.

But by Mercury, I swear that Jupiter does not believe you; for I am sure that he will rather credit me without an oath than you with an oath.

Who am I, at all events, if I am not Sosia? I ask you that.

When I choose not to be Sosia, then do you be Sosia; now, since I am he, you'll get a thrashing, if you are not off hence, you fellow without a name.

aside
. Upon my faith, for sure, when I examine him and recollect my own figure, just in such manner as I am (I've often looked in a glass [TLN 442] ⁴⁴ ): , he is exactly like me. He has the broad-brimmed hat and clothing just the same; he is as like me as I am myself. His leg, foot, stature, shorn head, eyes, nose, even his lips, cheeks, chin, beard, neck--the whole of him. What need is there of words? If his back is marked with scars, than this likeness there is nothing more like. But when I reflect, really, I surely am the same person that I always was. My master I know, I know our I house; I am quite in my wits and senses. I'm not going to I obey this fellow in what he says; I'll knock at the door.
Goes towards the door.

Whither are you betaking yourself?

Home.

If now you were to ascend the chariot of Jove and fly away from here, then you could hardly be able to escape destruction.

Mayn't I be allowed to deliver the message to my mistress that my master ordered me to give?

If you want to deliver any message to your own mistress; this mistress of mine I shall not allow you to approach. But if you provoke me, you'll be just now taking hence your loins broken.

In preference, I'll be off.
Aside.
Immortal Gods, I do beseech your mercy. Where did I lose myself? Where have I been transformed? Where have I parted with my figure? Or have I left myself behind there, if perchance I have forgotten it? For really this person has possession of all my figure, such as it formerly was. While living, that is done for me, which no one will ever do for me when dead [TLN 458] ⁴⁵ . I'll go to the harbour, and I'll tell my master these things as they have happened--unless even he as well shall not know me, which may Jupiter grant, so that this day, bald, with shaven crown, I may assume the cap of freedom [TLN 462] ⁴⁶ .
(Exit.)