Thus, εὔρεϊ, εὔρει (747–749); κρέαϊ, κρέαι (747); ἀληθέϊ, ἀληθεῖ (752).
2. Two like vowels (i.e. two a sounds, two e sounds, or two
ο sounds, without regard to quantity) unite to form the common
long (ᾱ, η, or ω).
Thus, μνάᾱ, μνᾶ (742); ποιέητε, ποιῆτε (782); δηλόω, δηλῶ (783).
Exception: κρέαα, κρέα (747).
a. But ε + ε gives ει, and ο + ο gives ου.
Thus, ποιέετε, ποιεῖτε (782); εὔρεε, εὔρει, τριήρεες, τριήρεις (747–749);
ἀληθέε, ἀληθεῖ, ἀληθέες, ἀληθεῖς (752); δηλόομεν, δηλοῦμεν (783); νόος, νοῦς
(742); ἁπλόος, ἁπλοῦς (751).
3. When an ο sound precedes or follows an a or an e sound,
the two become ω.
Thus, τῖμάω, τῖμῶ, τῖμάομεν, τῖμῶμεν (781); κρέαος, κρέως, κρεάων, κρεῶν
(747); δηλόητε, δηλῶτε (783); ποιέω, ποιῶ (782); τριηρέων, τριηρῶν (747);
ἀληθέων, ἀληθῶν (752).
Thus, δηλόετε, δηλοῦτε (783); νόε, νοῦ (742); ποιέομεν, ποιοῦμεν (782);
χρύσεος, χρῡσοῦς (751); εὔρεος, εὔρους (747); ἀληθέος, ἀληθοῦς (752).
4. When an a sound precedes or follows an e sound, the
first (in order) prevails, and we have ᾱ or η.
Thus, τῑμάετε, τῑμᾶτε, τῑμάητε, τῑμᾶτε (781); εὔρεα, εὔρη, τριήρεα, τριήρη,
ἄστεα, ἄστη (747, 748); ἀληθέα, ἀληθῆ (752).
5. A vowel disappears by absorption before a diphthong
beginning with the same vowel, and ε is always absorbed
before οι.
Thus, ποιέει, ποιεῖ (782); δηλόουσι, δηλοῦσι, δηλόοι, δηλοῖ (783); ποιέοι,
ποιοῖ (782); εὐρέοιν, εὐροῖν, τριηρέοιν, τριηροῖν (747); ἀληθέοιν, ἀληθοῖν
(752).
6. In other cases a simple vowel followed by a diphthong is
contracted with the first vowel of the diphthong, and a following
ι remains as iota subscript, but a following υ disappears.
Thus, τῑμάει, τῑμᾷ, τῑμάουσι, τῑμῶσι, τῑμάῃ, τῑμᾷ, τῑμάοι, τῑμῷ (781);
ποιέουσι, ποιοῦσι, ποιέῃ, ποιῇ (782).
Thus, δηλόει, δηλοῖ, δηλόῃ, δηλοῖ (783).
Thus, τῑμάειν, τῑμᾶν (781); δηλόειν, δηλοῦν (783).
7. (Special Rule for Vowel Declension.) In contracts of the
Vowel Declension, every short vowel before α, or before a long
vowel or a diphthong, is absorbed. See 742; 751.
2. Initial ρ is doubled when a vowel precedes it in forming
a compound word, and after the syllabic augment.
Thus, ἀναρρίπτω (ἀνά + ῥίπτω); ἔρρῑπτον (imperfect of ῥίπτω).
3. Before a τ-mute, a π-mute or a κ-mute is made co-ordinate
(8); another τ-mute becomes σ.
Thus πέμπω, ἐπέμφθην, ἄγω, ἤχθην, πείθω, ἐπείσθην (196); λείπω,
λέλειπται (209, 1); ἄγω, ἦκται (217, 1); πείθω, πέπεισται (220, 1). See
also 677.
4. Before κ, a τ-mute is dropped.
Thus, ἀθροίζω, ἤθροικα, ἁρπάζω, ἥρπακα (113).
5. A π-mute with σ forms ψ; a κ-mute forms ξ; a τ-mute
is dropped.
Thus, πέμπω, πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, διώκω, διώξω, ἐδίωξα, ἁρπάζω, ἁρπάσω,
ἥρπασα (90); λείπω, λέλειψαι (209, 1); ἄγω, ἦξαι (217, 1); πείθω, πέπεισαι
(220, 1). See also 243, 250.
6. Before μ a π-mute becomes μ; a κ-mute becomes γ;
a τ-mute becomes σ.
Thus, λείπω, λέλειμμαι (209, 1); ἄγω, ἦγμαι (217, 1); πείθω, πέπεισμαι
(220, 1).
7. Before a π-mute ν becomes μ; before a κ-mute it becomes
γ-nasal (10); before a τ-mute it is unchanged.
Thus, ἐμπίπτω (ἐν + πίπτω); συμβουλεύω (σύν + βουλεύω); συμφέρω
(σύν + φέρω); φαίνω, πέφαγκα (625); φαίνω, ἐφάνθην (659).
8. Before another liquid ν is changed to that liquid.
Thus, συλλέγω (σύν + λέγω); ἐμμένω (ἐν + μένω); συρρέω (σύν + ῥέω).
9. Before σ, ν is generally dropped, and the preceding
vowel is lengthened (α to ᾱ; ε to ει; ο to ου). But ν is
dropped before σι of the dative plural without lengthening
the vowel.
Thus, μέλᾱς (for μελαν-ς); εἷς (for ἑν-ς); λύουσι (for λῡονσι); ἡγεμών,
ἡγεμόσι (346).
10. Before σ and α consonant, ν in σύν is dropped.
Thus, συστρατεύομαι (σύν + στρατεύομαι).
11. The combinations ντ and νθ are dropped before σ and
the preceding vowel is lengthened, as above (9).
Thus, γέρων, γέρουσι (251); χαρίεις (for χαριεντ-ς), πᾶς (for παντ-ς);
πείσομαι (for πενθ-σομαι). See 262.
12. Between two consonants or two vowels, σ is sometimes
dropped.
Thus, λείπω, λέλειφθε (209, 2); ἄγω, ἦχθε (217, 2); πείθω, πέπεισθε
(220, 2); εὔρους (for εὐρεσ-ος); κρέως (for κρεασ-ος), ἀληθοῦς (for ἀληθεσ-ος).
See 395; 428.
13. At the beginning of a word, an original σ sometime
appears as the rough breathing.
Thus, ἵστημι (for σιστημι); ἔπομαι (for σεπομαι).
14. When a smooth mute (π κ τ) is brought before a rough
vowel, it is itself made rough.
Thus, ἀφίημι (for ἀπ-ίημι); ἀφ᾿ ὧν (for ἀπὸ ὧν).
15. In reduplications, an initial rough mute is always made
smooth.
Thus, θύω, τέθυκα (106).
16. The ending θι of the first aorist imperative passive
becomes τι after θη of the tense stem.
Thus, λύθητι (for λυθη-θι).
17. There is a transfer of the aspirate in a few verbs which
are supposed to have had originally two rough consonants in
the stem.
NO FUTURE PERFECT.
NO FUTURE PERFECT.
NO FUTURE PERFECT.
NO FUTURE PERFECT.
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | (ποίεε) ποίει | (ποιέου) ποιοῦ |
| Third Person Singular | (ποιεέτω) ποιείτω | (ποιεέσθω) ποιείσθω |
| Second Person Dual | (ποιέετον) ποιεῖτον | (ποιέεσθον) ποιεῖσθον |
| Third Person Dual | (ποιεέτων) ποιείτων | (ποιεέσθων) ποιείσθων |
| Second Person Plural | (ποιέετε) ποιεῖτε | (ποιέεσθε) ποιεῖσθε |
| Third Person Plural | (ποιεόντων) ποιούντων | (ποιεέσθων) ποιείσθων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| (ποιέειν) ποιεῖν | (ποιέεσθαι) ποιεῖσθαι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| Masculine | (ποιέων) ποιῶν | (ποιεόμενος) ποιούμενος |
| Feminine | (ποιέουσα) ποιοῦσα | (ποιεομένη) ποιουμένη |
| Neuter | (ποιέον) ποιοῦν | (ποιεόμενον) ποιούμενον |
783. Present System of δηλόω, MANIFEST.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | (δηλόω) δηλῶ | (δηλόομαι) δηλοῦμαι |
| Second Person Singular | (δηλόεις) δηλοῖς | (δηλόει) δηλοῖ |
| Third Person Singular | (δηλόει) δηλοῖ | (δηλόεται) δηλοῦται |
| Second Person Dual | (δηλόετον) δηλοῦτον | (δηλόεσθον) δηλοῦσθον |
| Third Person Dual | (δηλόετον) δηλοῦτον | (δηλόεσθον) δηλοῦσθον |
| First Person Plural | (δηλόομεν) δηλοῦμεν | (δηλοόμεθα) δηλούμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | (δηλόετε) δηλοῦτε | (δηλόεσθε) δηλοῦσθε |
| Third Person Plural | (δηλόουσι) δηλοῦσι | (δηλόονται) δηλοῦνται |
| IMPERFECT ACTIVE INFINTIVE | IMPERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | (ἐδήλοον) ἐδήλουν | (ἐδηλοόμην) ἐδηλούμην |
| Second Person Singular | (ἐδήλοες) ἐδήλους | (ἐδηλόου) ἐδηλοῦ |
| Third Person Singular | (ἐδήλοε) ἐδήλου | (ἐδηλόετο) ἐδηλοῦτο |
| Second Person Dual | (ἐδηλόετον) ἐδηλοῦτον | (ἐδηλόεσθον) ἐδηλοῦσθον |
| Third Person Dual | (ἐδηλοέτην) ἐδηλούτην | (ἐδηλοέσθην) ἐδηλούσθην |
| First Person Plural | (ἐδηλόομεν) ἐδηλοῦμεν | (ἐδηλοόμεθα) ἐδηλούμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | (ἐδηλόετε) ἐδηλοῦτε | (ἐδηλόεσθε) ἐδηλοῦσθε |
| Third Person Plural | (ἐδήλοον) ἐδήλουν | (ἐδηλόοντο) ἐδηλοῦντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | (δηλόω) δηλῶ | (δηλόωμαι) δηλῶμαι |
| Second Person Singular | (δηλόῃς) δηλοῖς | (δηλόῃ) δηλοῖ |
| Third Person Singular | (δηλόῃ) δηλοῖ | (δηλόηται) δηλῶται |
| Second Person Dual | (δηλόητον) δηλῶτον | (δηλόησθον) δηλῶσθον |
| Third Person Dual | (δηλόητον) δηλῶτον | (δηλόησθον) δηλῶσθον |
| First Person Plural | (δηλόωμεν) δηλῶμεν | (δηλοώμεθα) δηλώμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | (δηλόητε) δηλῶτε | (δηλόησθε) δηλῶσθε |
| Third Person Plural | (δηλόωσι) δηλῶσι | (δηλόωνται) δηλῶνται |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | (δηλόοιμι) δηλοῖμι | (δηλοοίμην) δηλοίμην |
| Second Person Singular | (δηλόοις) δηλοῖς | (δηλόοιο) δηλοῖο |
| Third Person Singular | (δηλόοι) δηλοῖ | (δηλόοιτο) δηλοῖτο |
| Second Person Dual | (δηλόοιτον) δηλοῖτον | (δηλόοισθον) δηλοῖσθον |
| Third Person Dual | (δηλοοίτην) δηλοίτην | (δηλοοίσθην) δηλοίσθην |
| First Person Plural | (δηλόοιμεν) δηλοῖμεν | (δηλοοίμεθα) δηλοίμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | (δηλόοιτε) δηλοῖτε | (δηλόοισθε) δηλοῖσθε |
| Third Person Plural | (δηλόοιεν) δηλοῖεν | (δηλόοιντο) δηλοῖντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | (δήλοε) δήλου | (δηλόου) δηλοῦ |
| Third Person Singular | (δηλοέτω) δηλούτω | (δηλοέσθω) δηλούσθω |
| Second Person Dual | (δηλόετον) δηλοῦτον | (δηλόεσθον) δηλοῦσθον |
| Third Person Dual | (δηλοέτων) δηλούτων | (δηλοέσθων) δηλούσθων |
| Second Person Plural | (δηλόετε) δηλοῦτε | (δηλόεσθε) δηλοῦσθε |
| Third Person Plural | (δηλοόντων) δηλούντων | (δηλοέσθων) δηλούσθων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| (δηλόειν) δηλοῦν | (δηλόεσθαι) δηλοῦσθαι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| Masculine | (δηλόων) δηλῶν | (δηλοόμενος) δηλούμενος |
| Feminine | (δηλόουσα) δηλοῦσα | (δηλοομένη) δηλουμένη |
| Neuter | (δηλόον) δηλοῦν | (δηλοόμενον) δηλούμενον |
VERBS IN MI.
784. Present System of τίθημι (θε), PLACE, PUT.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | τί-θη-μι | τί-θε-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | τί-θη-ς | τί-θε-σαι |
| Third Person Singular | τί-θη-σι | τί-θε-ται |
| Second Person Dual | τί-θε-τον | τί-θε-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | τί-θε-τον | τί-θε-σθον |
| First Person Plural | τί-θε-μεν | τι-θέ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | τί-θε-τε | τί-θε-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | τι-θέ-ᾱσι | τί-θε-νται |
| IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἐ-τί-θη-ν | ἐ-τι-θέ-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἐ-τί-θεις | ἐ-τί-θε-σο |
| Third Person Singular | ἐ-τί-θει | ἐ-τί-θε-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἐ-τί-θε-τον | ἐ-τί-θε-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-τι-θέ-την | ἐ-τι-θέ-σθην |
| First Person Plural | ἐ-τί-θε-μεν | ἐ-τι-θέ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἐ-τί-θε-τε | ἐ-τί-θε-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἐ-τί-θε-σαν | ἐ-τί-θε-ντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | τι-θῶ | τι-θῶ-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | τι-θῇς | τι-θῇ |
| Third Person Singular | τι-θῇ | τι-θῆ-ται |
| Second Person Dual | τι-θῆ-τον | τι-θῆ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | τι-θῆ-τον | τι-θῆ-σθον |
| First Person Plural | τι-θῶ-μεν | τι-θώ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | τι-θῆ-τε | τι-θῆ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | τι-θῶσι | τι-θῶ-νται |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | τι-θείη-ν | τι-θεί-μην |
| Second Person Singular | τι-θείη-ς | τι-θεῖ-ο |
| Third Person Singular | τι-θείη | τι-θεῖ-το |
| Second Person Dual | τι-θεῖ-τον or τι-θείη-τον | τι-θεῖ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | τι-θεί-την or τι-θειή-την | τι-θεί-σθην |
| First Person Plural | τι-θεῖ-μεν or τι-θείη-μεν | τι-θεί-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | τι-θεῖ-τε or τι-θείη-τε | τι-θεῖ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | τι-θεῖε-ν or τι-θείη-σαν | τι-θεῖ-ντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | τί-θει | τί-θε-σο |
| Third Person Singular | τι-θέ-τω | τι-θέ-σθω |
| Second Person Dual | τί-θε-τον | τί-θε-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | τι-θέ-των | τι-θέ-σθων |
| Second Person Plural | τί-θε-τε | τί-θε-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | τι-θέ-ντων | τι-θέ-σθων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| τι-θέ-ναι | τί-θε-σθαι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| τι-θείς, -εῖσα, -έν | τι-θέ-μενος, -η, -ον |
785. Present System of δίδωμι (δο), GIVE.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δί-δω-μι | δί-δο-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | δί-δω-ς | δί-δο-σαι |
| Third Person Singular | δί-δω-σι | δί-δο-ται |
| Second Person Dual | δί-δο-τον | δί-δο-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δί-δο-τον | δί-δο-σθον |
| First Person Plural | δί-δο-μεν | δι-δό-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | δί-δο-τε | δί-δο-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δι-δό-ᾶσι | δί-δο-νται |
| IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἐ-δί-δουν | ἐ-δι-δό-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἐ-δί-δους | ἐ-δί-δο-σο |
| Third Person Singular | ἐ-δί-δου | ἐ-δί-δο-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἐ-δί-δο-τον | ἐ-δί-δο-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-δι-δό-την | ἐ-δι-δό-σθην |
| First Person Plural | ἐ-δί-δο-μεν | ἐ-δι-δό-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἐ-δί-δο-τε | ἐ-δί-δο-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἐ-δί-δο-σαν | ἐ-δί-δο-ντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δι-δῶ | δι-δῶ-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | δι-δῷς | δι-δῷ |
| Third Person Singular | δι-δῷ | δι-δῶ-ται |
| Second Person Dual | δι-δῶ-τον | δι-δῶ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δι-δῶ-τον | δι-δῶ-σθον |
| First Person Plural | δι-δῶ-μεν | δι-δώ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | δι-δῶ-τε | δι-δῶ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δι-δῶσι | δι-δῶ-νται |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δι-δοίη-ν | δι-δοί-μην |
| Second Person Singular | δι-δοίη-ς | δι-δοῖ-ο |
| Third Person Singular | δι-δοίη | δι-δοῖ-το |
| Second Person Dual | δι-δοῖ-τον or δι-δοίη-τον | δι-δοῖ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δι-δοί-την δι-δοιή-την | δι-δοί-σθην |
| First Person Plural | δι-δοῖ-μεν δι-δοίη-μεν | δι-δοί-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | δι-δοῖ-τε δι-δοίη-τε | δι-δοῖ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δι-δοῖε-ν δι-δοίη-σαν | δι-δοῖ-ντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | δί-δου | δί-δο-σο |
| Third Person Singular | δι-δό-τω | δι-δό-σθω |
| Second Person Dual | δί-δο-τον | δί-δο-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δι-δό-των | δι-δό-σθων |
| Second Person Plural | δί-δο-τε | δί-δο-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δι-δό-ντων | δι-δό-δθων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| δι-δό-ναι | δί-δο-σθαι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| δι-δούς, -οῦσα, -όν | δι-δό-μενος, -η, -ον |
786. Present System of ἴστημι (στα), SET, MAKE STAND.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἴ-στη-μι | ἴ-στα-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | ἴ-στη-ς | ἴ-στα-σαι |
| Third Person Singular | ἴ-στη-σι | ἴ-στα-ται |
| Second Person Dual | ἴ-στα-τον | ἴ-στα-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἵ-στα-τον | ἵ-στα-στά-σθην |
| First Person Plural | ἵ-στα-μεν | ἱ-στά-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἵ-στα-τε | ἵ-στα-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἱ-στᾶσι | ἵ-στα-νται |
| IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἴ-στη-ν | ἱ-στά-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἴ-στη-ς | ἴ-στα-σο |
| Third Person Singular | ἴ-στη | ἴ-στα-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἴ-στα-τον | ἴ-στα-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἵ-στα-τον | ἱ-στά-την OR ἵ-στά-σθην |
| First Person Plural | ἵ-στα-μεν | ἱ-στά-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἵ-στα-τε | ἵ-στα-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἵ-στα-σαν | ἵ-στα-ντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἱ-στῶ | ἱ-στῶ-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | ἱ-στῇς | ἱ-στῇ |
| Third Person Singular | ἱ-στῇ | ἱ-στῆ-ται |
| Second Person Dual | ἱ-στῆ-τον | ἱ-στῆ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἱ-στῆ-τον | ἱ-στῆ-σθον |
| First Person Plural | ἱ-στῶ-μεν | ἱ-στώ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἱ-στῆ-τε | ἱ-στῆ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἱ-στῶσι | ἱ-στῶ-νται |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἱ-σταίη-ν | ἱ-σταί-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἱ-σταίη-ς | ἱ-σταῖ-ο |
| Third Person Singular | ἱ-σταίη | ἱ-σταῖ-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἱ-σταῖ-τον or ἱ-σταίη-τον | ἱ-σταῖ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἱ-σταί-την or ἱ-σταίη-την | ἱ-σταί-σθην |
| First Person Plural | ἱ-σταῖ-μεν or ἱ-σταίη-μεν | ἱ-σταί-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἱ-σταῖ-τε or ἱ-σταίη-τε | ἱ-σταῖ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἱ-σταῖε-ν or ἱ-σταίη-σαν | ἱ-σταῖ-ντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | ἴ-στη | ἵ-στα-σο |
| Third Person Singular | ἱ-στά-τω | ἱ-στά-σθω |
| Second Person Dual | ἴ-στα-τον | ἵ-στα-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἱ-στά-των | ἱ-στά-σθων |
| Second Person Plural | ἵ-στα-τε | ἵ-στα-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἱ-στά-ντων | ἱ-στά-σθων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| ἱ-στά-ναι | ἵ-στα-σθαι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| ἱ-στάς, -ᾶσα, -άν | ἱ-στά-μενος, -η, -ον |
787. Present System of δείκνῡμι (δεικ), SHOW.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δείκ-νῡ-μι | δείκ-νυ-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | δείκ-νῡ-ς | δείκ-νυ-σαι |
| Third Person Singular | δείκ-νῡ-σι | δείκ-νυ-ται |
| Second Person Dual | δείκ-νυ-τον | δείκ-νυ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δείκ-νυ-τον | δείκ-νυ-σθον |
| First Person Plural | δείκ-νυ-μεν | δεικ-νύ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | δείκ-νυ-τε | δείκ-νυ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δεικ-νύ-ᾱσι | δείκ-νυ-νται |
| IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἐ-δείκ-νῡ-ν | ἐ-δεικ-νύ-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἐ-δείκ-νῡ-ς | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-σο |
| Third Person Singular | ἐ-δείκ-νῡ | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-τον | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-δεικ-νύ-την | ἐ-δεικ-νύ-σθην |
| First Person Plural | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-μεν | ἐ-δεικ-νύ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-τε | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-σαν | ἐ-δείκ-νυ-ντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δεικνύω | δεικνύωμαι |
| Second Person Singular | δεικνύῃς | δεικνύῃ |
| Third Person Singular | δεικνύῃ | δεικνύηται |
| Second Person Dual | δεικνύητον | δεικνύησθον |
| Third Person Dual | δεικνύητον | δεικνύησθον |
| First Person Plural | δεικνύωμεν | δεικνυώμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | δεικνύητε | δεικνύησθε |
| Third Person Plural | δεικνύωσι | δεικνύωνται |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δεικνύοιμι | δεικνυοίμην |
| Second Person Singular | δεικνύοις | δεικνύοιο |
| Third Person Singular | δεικνύοι | δεικνύοιτο |
| Second Person Dual | δεικνύοιτον | δεικνύοισθον |
| Third Person Dual | δεικνυοίτην | δεικνυοίσθην |
| First Person Plural | δεικνύοιμεν | δεικνυοίμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | δεικνύοιτε | δεικνύοισθε |
| Third Person Plural | δεικνύοιεν | δεικνύοιντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | δείκ-νῡ | δείκ-νυ-σο |
| Third Person Singular | δεικ-νύ-τω | δεικ-νύ-σθω |
| Second Person Dual | δείκ-νυ-τον | δείκ-νυ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δεικ-νύ-των | δεικ-νύ-σθων |
| Second Person Plural | δείκ-νυ-τε | δείκ-νυ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δεικ-νύ-ντων | δεικ-νύ-σθων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| δεικ-νύ-ναι | δείκ-νυ-σθαι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| δεικ-νύς, -ῦσα, -ύν | δεικ-νύ-μενος, -η, -ον |
788. Second Aorist System of τίθημι (θε), PLACE, PUT.
| AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἔθηκα | ἐ-θέ-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἔθηκας | ἔ-θου |
| Third Person Singular | ἔθηκε | ἔ-θε-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἔ-θε-τον | ἔ-θε-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἔ-θέ-την | ἐ-θέ-σθην |
| First Person Plural | ἔ-θε-μεν | ἐ-θέ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἔ-θε-τε | ἔ-θε-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἔ-θε-σαν | ἔ-θε-ντο |
| AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | θῶ | θῶ-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | θῇς | θῇ |
| Third Person Singular | θῇ | θῆ-ται |
| Second Person Dual | θῆ-τον | θῆ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | θῆ-τον | θῆ-σθον |
| First Person Plural | θῶ-μεν | θώ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | θῆ-τε | θῆ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | θῶσι | θῶ-νται |
| AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | θείη-ν | θεί-μην |
| Second Person Singular | θείη-ς | θεῖ-ο |
| Third Person Singular | θείη | θεῖ-το |
| Second Person Dual | θεῖ-τον or θείη-τον | θεῖ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | θεί-την or θειή-την | θεί-σθην |
| First Person Plural | θεῖ-μεν or θείη-μεν | θεί-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | θεῖ-τε or θείη-τε | θεῖ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | θεῖε-ν or θείη-σαν | θεῖ-ντο |
| AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | θέ-ς | θοῦ |
| Third Person Singular | θέ-τω | θέ-σθω |
| Second Person Dual | θέ-τον | θέ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | θέ-των | θέ-σθων |
| Second Person Plural | θέ-τε | θέ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | θέ-ντων | θέ-σθων |
| AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| θεῖναι | θέ-σθαι |
| AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| θείς, θεῖσα, θέ-ν | θέ-μενος, -η, -ον |
789. Second Aorist System of δίδωμι (δο), GIVE.
| AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἔδωκα | ἐ-δό-μην |
| Second Person Singular | ἔδωκας | ἔ-δου |
| Third Person Singular | ἔδωκε | ἔ-δο-το |
| Second Person Dual | ἔ-δο-τον | ἔ-δο-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-δό-την | ἐ-δό-σθην |
| First Person Plural | ἔ-δο-μεν | ἐ-δό-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἔ-δο-τε | ἔ-δο-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἔ-δο-σαν | ἔ-δο-ντο |
| AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δῶ | δῶ-μαι |
| Second Person Singular | δῷς | δῷ |
| Third Person Singular | δῷ | δῶ-ται |
| Second Person Dual | δῶ-τον | δῶ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δῶ-τον | δῶ-σθον |
| First Person Plural | δῶ-μεν | δώ-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | δῶ-τε | δῶ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δῶσι | δῶ-νται |
| AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δοίη-ν | δοί-μην |
| Second Person Singular | δοίη-ς | δοῖ-ο |
| Third Person Singular | δοίη | δοῖ-το |
| Second Person Dual | δοῖ-τον or δοίη-τον | δοῖ-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δοί-την or δοιή-την | δοί-σθην |
| First Person Plural | δοῖ-μεν or δοίη-μεν | δοί-μεθα |
| Second Person Plural | δοῖ-τε or δοίη-τε | δοῖ-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δοῖε-ν or δοίη-σαν | δοῖ-ντο |
| AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | δό-ς | δοῦ |
| Third Person Singular | δό-τω | δό-σθω |
| Second Person Dual | δό-τον | δό-σθον |
| Third Person Dual | δό-των | δό-σθων |
| Second Person Plural | δό-τε | δό-σθε |
| Third Person Plural | δό-ντων | δό-σθων |
| AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| δοῦναι | δό-σθαι |
| AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | AORIST MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| δούς, δοῦσα, δό-ν | δό-μενος, -η, -ον |
790. Second Aorist System of ἴστημι (στα), SET.
| AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἔ-στη-ν |
| Second Person Singular | ἔ-στη-ς |
| Third Person Singular | ἔ-στη |
| Second Person Dual | ἔ-στη-τον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-στή-την |
| First Person Plural | ἔ-στη-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἔ-στη-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἔ-στη-σαν |
| AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | στῶ |
| Second Person Singular | στῇς |
| Third Person Singular | στῇ |
| Second Person Dual | στῆ-τον |
| Third Person Dual | στῆ-τον |
| First Person Plural | στῶ-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | στῆ-τε |
| Third Person Plural | στῶσι |
| AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | σταίη-ν |
| Second Person Singular | σταίη-ς |
| Third Person Singular | σταίη |
| Second Person Dual | σταῖ-τον or σταίη-τον |
| Third Person Dual | σταί-την or σταιή-την |
| First Person Plural | σταῖ-μεν or σταίη-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | σταῖ-τε or σταίη-τε |
| Third Person Plural | σταῖε-ν or σταίη-σαν |
| AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | στῆ-θι |
| Third Person Singular | στή-τω |
| Second Person Dual | στῆ-τον |
| Third Person Dual | στή-των |
| Second Person Plural | στῆ-τε |
| Third Person Plural | στά-ντων |
| AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| στῆ-ναι |
| AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| στάς, στᾶσα, στά-ν |
791. Second Aor. System of δύω, ENTER.
| AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἔ-δῦ-ν |
| Second Person Singular | ἔ-δῡ-ς |
| Third Person Singular | ἔ-δῡ |
| Second Person Dual | ἔ-δῡ-τον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-δύ-την |
| First Person Plural | ἔ-δῡ-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἔ-δῡ-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἔ-δῡ-σαν |
| AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δύω |
| Second Person Singular | δύῃς |
| Third Person Singular | δύῃ |
| Second Person Dual | δύητον |
| Third Person Dual | δύητον |
| First Person Plural | δύωμεν |
| Second Person Plural | δύητε |
| Third Person Plural | δύωσι |
| AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | δῦ-θι |
| Second Person Singular | δύ-τω |
| Third Person Singular | δῦ-τον |
| Second Person Dual | δύ-τω |
| Third Person Dual | δῦ-τον |
| First Person Plural | δύ-των |
| Second Person Plural | δῦ-τε |
| Third Person Plural | δύ-ντων |
| AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| δῦ-ναι |
| AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| δύς, δῦσα, δύ-ν |
792. Second Perf. System without Suffix of ἴστημι (στα), SET.
| PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Dual | ἔ-στα-τον | ἔ-στα-τον |
| Third Person Dual | ἔ-στα-τον | ἕ-στα-τον |
| First Person Plural | ἔ-στα-τον | ἕ-στα-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἔ-στα-τε | ἔ-στα-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἑ-στᾶσι | ἕ-στα-σαν |
| PERFECT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἑ-στῶ |
| Second Person Singular | ἑ-στῇς |
| Third Person Singular | ἑ-στῇ |
| Second Person Dual | ἑ-στῆ-τον |
| Third Person Dual | ἑ-στῆ-τον |
| First Person Plural | ἑ-στῶ-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἑ-στῆ-τε |
| PERFECT ACTIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἑ-σταίη-ν |
| Second Person Singular | ἑ-σταίη-ς |
| Third Person Singular | ἑ-σταίη |
| Second Person Dual | ἑ-σταῖ-τον or ἑ-σταίη-τον |
| Third Person Dual | ἑ-σταί-την or ἑ-σταιή-την |
| First Person Plural | ἑ-σταῖ-μεν or ἑ-σταίη-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἑ-σταῖ-τε or ἑ-σταίη-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἑ-σταῖε-ν or ἑ-σταίη-σαν |
| PERFECT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | ἕ-στα-θι |
| Third Person Singular | ἑ-στά-τω |
| Second Person Dual | ἕ-στα-τον |
| Third Person Dual | ἑ-στά-των |
| Second Person Plural | ἔ-στα-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἑ-στά-ντων |
| PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| ἑ-στά-ναι |
| PERFECT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| ἑ-στώς, ἑ-στῶσα, ἑ-στός |
IRREGULAR VERBS IN MI.
793. οἶδα (ἰδ), KNOW.
| PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | οἶδα | ᾔδη or ᾔδειν |
| Second Person Singular | οἶσθα | ᾔδησθα or ᾔδεισθα |
| Third Person Singular | οἶδε | ᾔδει or ᾔδειν |
| Second Person Dual | ἴστον | ᾖστον |
| Third Person Dual | ἴστον | ᾔστην |
| First Person Plural | ἴσμεν | ᾖσμεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἴστε | ᾖστε |
| Third Person Plural | ἴσᾱσι | ᾖσαν or ᾔδεσαν |
| PERFECT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | εἰδῶ |
| Second Person Singular | εἰδῇς |
| Third Person Singular | εἰδῇ |
| Second Person Dual | εἰδῆτον |
| Third Person Dual | εἰδῆτον |
| First Person Plural | εἰδῶμεν |
| Second Person Plural | εἰδῆτε |
| Third Person Plural | εἰδῶσι |
| PERFECT ACTIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | εἰδείην |
| Second Person Singular | εἰδείης |
| Third Person Singular | εἰδείη |
| Second Person Dual | εἰδεῖτον |
| Third Person Dual | εἰδείτην |
| First Person Plural | εἰδεῖμεν or εἰδείημεν |
| Second Person Plural | εἰδεῖτε or εἰδείητε |
| Third Person Plural | εἰδεῖεν or εἰδείησαν |
| PERFECT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | ἴσθι |
| Third Person Singular | ἴστω |
| Second Person Dual | ἴστον |
| Third Person Dual | ἴστων |
| Second Person Plural | ἴστε |
| Third Person Plural | ἴστων |
| PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| εἰδέναι |
| PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, εἰδός, gen. εἰδότος, etc. |
794.φημί (φα), SAY.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | φημί | ἔφην |
| Second Person Singular | φῄς or φής | ἔφησθα or ἔφης |
| Third Person Singular | φησί | ἔφη |
| Second Person Dual | φατόν | ἔφατον |
| Third Person Dual | φατόν | ἐφάτην |
| First Person Plural | φαμέν | ἔφαμεν |
| Second Person Plural | φατέ | ἔφατε |
| Third Person Plural | φᾱσί | ἔφασαν |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | φῶ |
| Second Person Singular | φῇς |
| Third Person Singular | φῇ |
| Second Person Dual | φῆτον |
| Third Person Dual | φῆτον |
| First Person Plural | φῶμεν |
| Second Person Plural | φῆτε |
| Third Person Plural | φῶσι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | φαίην |
| Second Person Singular | φαίης |
| Third Person Singular | φαίη |
| Second Person Dual | φαῖτον or φαίητον |
| Third Person Dual | φαίτην or φαιήτην |
| First Person Plural | φαῖμεν or φαίημεν |
| Second Person Plural | φαῖτε or φαίητε |
| Third Person Plural | φαῖεν or φαίησαν |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | φαθί or φάθι |
| Third Person Singular | φάτω |
| Second Person Dual | φάτον |
| Third Person Dual | φάτων |
| Second Person Plural | φάτε |
| Third Person Plural | φάντων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| φάναι |
795. εἰμί (ἐσ), BE.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | εἰμί | ἦ or ἦν |
| Second Person Singular | εἶ | ἦσθα |
| Third Person Singular | ἐστί | ἦν |
| Second Person Dual | ἐστόν | ἦστον or ἦτον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐστόν | ἤστην or ἤτην |
| First Person Plural | ἐσμέν | ἦμεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἐστέ | ἦστε or ἦτε |
| Third Person Plural | εἰσί | ἦσαν |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ὦ |
| Second Person Singular | ᾖς |
| Third Person Singular | ᾖ |
| Second Person Dual | ἦτον |
| Third Person Dual | ἦτον |
| First Person Plural | ὦμεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἦτε |
| Third Person Plural | ὦσι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | εἴην |
| Second Person Singular | εἴης |
| Third Person Singular | εἴη |
| Second Person Dual | εἶτον or εἴητον |
| Third Person Dual | εἴτην or εἰήτην |
| First Person Plural | εἶμεν or εἴημεν |
| Second Person Plural | εἶτε or εἴητε |
| Third Person Plural | εἶεν or εἴησαν |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | ἴσθι |
| Third Person Singular | ἔστω |
| Second Person Dual | ἔστον |
| Third Person Dual | ἔστων |
| Second Person Plural | ἔστε |
| Third Person Plural | ἔστων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| εἶναι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| ὤν, οὐσα, ὄν, gen. ὄντος, etc. |
796. εἶμι (ἰ), GO.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | εἶμι | ᾖα or ᾔειν |
| Second Person Singular | εἶ | ᾔεις or ᾔεισθα |
| Third Person Singular | εἶσι | ᾔει or ᾔειν |
| Second Person Dual | ἴτον | ᾖτον |
| Third Person Dual | ἴτον | ᾔτην |
| First Person Plural | ἴμεν | ᾖμεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἴτε | ᾖτε |
| Third Person Plural | ἴᾱσι | ᾖσαν or ᾔεσαν |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἴω |
| Second Person Singular | ἴῃς |
| Third Person Singular | ἴῃ |
| Second Person Dual | ἴητον |
| Third Person Dual | ἴητον |
| First Person Plural | ἴωμεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἴητε |
| Third Person Plural | ἴωσι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἴοιμι or ἰοίην |
| Second Person Singular | ἴοις |
| Third Person Singular | ἴοι |
| Second Person Dual | ἴοιτον |
| Third Person Dual | ἰοίτην |
| First Person Plural | ἴοιμεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἴοιτε |
| Third Person Plural | ἴοιεν |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | ἴθι |
| Third Person Singular | ἴτω |
| Second Person Dual | ἴτον |
| Third Person Dual | ἴτων |
| Second Person Plural | ἴτε |
| Third Person Plural | ἰόντων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| ἰέναι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν, gen. ἰόντος, etc. |
797. ἴημι (ἐ), SEND.
| PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἴημι | ἴεμαι |
| Second Person Singular | ἴης | ἴεσαι |
| Third Person Singular | ἴησι | ἴεται |
| Second Person Dual | ἴετον | ἴεσθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἴετον | ἴεσθον |
| First Person Plural | ἴεμεν | ἱέμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἴετε | ἴεσθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἱᾶσι | ἴενται |
| IMPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἴην | ἱέμην |
| Second Person Singular | ἴεις | ἴεσο |
| Third Person Singular | ἴει | ἴετο |
| Second Person Dual | ἴετον | ἴεσθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἱέτην | ἱέσθην |
| First Person Plural | ἴεμεν | ἱέμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἴετε | εἷτε |
| Third Person Plural | ἴεσαν | ἴεντο |
| AORIST ACTIVE INDICATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | | εἵμην |
| Second Person Singular | | εἷσο |
| Third Person Singular | | εἶτο |
| Second Person Dual | εἷτον | εἶσθον |
| Third Person Dual | εἴτην | εἵσθην |
| First Person Plural | εἷμεν | εἴμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | εἷτε | εἷσθε |
| Third Person Plural | εἷσαν | εἷντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἱῶ | ἱῶμαι |
| Second Person Singular | ἱῇς | ἱῇ |
| Third Person Singular | ἱῇ | ἱῆται |
| Second Person Dual | ἱῆτον | ἱῆσθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἱῆτον | ἱῆσθον |
| First Person Plural | ἱῶμεν | ἱώμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἱῆτε | ἱῆσθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἱῶσι | ἱῶνται |
| AORIST ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE | AORIST MIDDLE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ὧ | ὧμαι |
| Second Person Singular | ᾗς | ᾗ |
| Third Person Singular | ᾗ | ἧται |
| Second Person Dual | ἧτον | ἧσθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἧτον | ἧσθον |
| First Person Plural | ὧμεν | ὥμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἧτε | ἧσθε |
| Third Person Plural | ὧσι | ὧνται |
| PRESENT ACTIVE OPTATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | ἱείην | ἱείμην |
| Second Person Singular | ἱείης | ἱεῖο |
| Third Person Singular | ἱείη | ἱεῖτο |
| Second Person Dual | ἱεῖτον or ἱείητον | ἱεῖσθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἱείτην or ἱειήτην | ἱείσθην |
| First Person Plural | ἱεῖμεν or ἱείημεν | ἱείμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | ἱεῖτε or ἱείητε | ἱεῖσθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἱεῖεν or ἱείησαν | ἱεῖντο |
| AORIST ACTIVE OPTATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | εἴην | εἴμην |
| Second Person Singular | εἴης | εῖο |
| Third Person Singular | εἴη | εἷτο |
| Second Person Dual | εἶτον or εἴητον | εἷσθον |
| Third Person Dual | εἴτην or εἱήτην | εἴσθην |
| First Person Plural | εῖμεν or εἴημεν | εἵμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | εἷτε or εἵητε | εἷσθε |
| Third Person Plural | εἷεν or εἵησαν | εἷντο |
| PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | ἵει | ἵεσο |
| Third Person Singular | ἱέτω | ἱέσθω |
| Second Person Dual | ἴετον | ἴεσθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἱέτων | ἱέσθων |
| Second Person Plural | ἵετε | ἵεσθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἱέντων | ἱέσθων |
| AORIST ACTIVE IMPERATIVE | AORIST MIDDLE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | ἕς | οὗ |
| Third Person Singular | ἔτω | ἔσθω |
| Second Person Dual | ἔτον | ἕσθον |
| Third Person Dual | ἕτων | ἕσθων |
| Second Person Plural | ἕτε | ἕσθε |
| Third Person Plural | ἕντων | ἕσθων |
| PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| ἱέναι | ἵεσθαι |
| AORIST ACTIVE INFINITIVE | AORIST INFINITIVE |
|---|
| εἷναι | ἕσθαι |
| PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| ἱείς, ἱεῖσα, ἱέν | ἱέμενος |
| AORIST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE | AORIST MIDDLE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| εἷς, εἷσα, ἕν | ἕμενος |
798. κεῖμαι (κει), LIE.
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | κεῖμαι | ἐκείμην |
| Second Person Singular | κεῖσαι | ἔκεισο |
| Third Person Singular | κεῖται | ἔκειτο |
| Second Person Dual | κεῖσθον | ἔκεισθον |
| Third Person Dual | κεῖσθον | ἐκείσθην |
| First Person Plural | κείμεθα | ἐκείμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | κεῖσθε | ἔκεισθε |
| Third Person Plural | κεῖνται | ἔκειντο |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | κέωμαι |
| Second Person Singular | κέῃ |
| Third Person Singular | κέηται |
| Second Person Dual | κέησθον |
| Third Person Dual | κέησθον |
| First Person Plural | κεώμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | κέησθε |
| Third Person Plural | κέωνται |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | κεοίμην |
| Second Person Singular | κέοιο |
| Third Person Singular | κέοιτο |
| Second Person Dual | κέοισθον |
| Third Person Dual | κεοίσθην |
| First Person Plural | κεοίμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | κέοισθε |
| Third Person Plural | κέοιντο |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | κεῖσο |
| Third Person Singular | κείσθω |
| Second Person Dual | κεῖσθον |
| Third Person Dual | κείσθων |
| Second Person Plural | κεῖσθε |
| Third Person Plural | κείσθων |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| κεῖσθαι |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| κείμενος |
799. κάθ-ημαι (ἡσ), SIT DOWN.
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE | IMPERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INDICATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | κάθημαι | ἐκαθήμην or καθήμην |
| Second Person Singular | κάθησαι | ἐκάθησο or καθῆσο |
| Third Person Singular | κάθηται | ἐκάθητο or καθῆστο |
| Second Person Dual | κάθησθον | ἐκάθησθον or καθῆσθον |
| Third Person Dual | κάθησθον | ἐκαθήσθην or καθήσθην |
| First Person Plural | καθήμεθα | ἐκαθήμεθα or καθήμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | κάθησθε | ἐκάθησθε or καθῆσθε |
| Third Person Plural | κάθηνται | ἐκάθηντο or καθῆντο |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | καθῶμαι |
| Second Person Singular | καθῇ |
| Third Person Singular | καθῆται |
| Second Person Dual | καθῆσθον |
| Third Person Dual | καθῆσθον |
| First Person Plural | καθώμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | καθῆσθε |
| Third Person Plural | καθῶνται |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE OPTATIVE |
|---|
| First Person Singular | καθοίμην |
| Second Person Singular | καθοῖο |
| Third Person Singular | καθοῖτο |
| Second Person Dual | καθοῖσθον |
| Third Person Dual | καθοίσθην |
| First Person Plural | καθοίμεθα |
| Second Person Plural | καθοῖσθε |
| Third Person Plural | καθοῖντο |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE IMPERATIVE |
|---|
| Second Person Singular | κάθησο |
| Third Person Singular | καθήσθω |
| Second Person Dual | κάθησθον |
| Third Person Dual | καθήσθων |
| Second Person Plural | κάθησθε |
| Third Person Plural | καθήσθων |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE INFINITIVE |
|---|
| καθῆσθαι |
| PRESENT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLE |
|---|
| καθήμενος |
RULES OF SYNTAX.
Subject and Predicate.
800. The subject of a finite verb is in the nominative. Thus, ἡ οἰκίᾱ
θύρᾱς ἔχει, the house has doors.
801. The subject of the infinitive is in the accusative; but it is
generally omitted when it is the same as the subject or the object (direct
or indirect) of the leading verb. See 461, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7.
802. A verb agrees with its subject nominative in number and person;
but a nominative in the neuter plural regularly takes a singular verb. Thus,
τὰ πλοῖα μῑκρὰ
ἦν, the boats were small.
803. With verbs signifying to be, become, appear, be named, chosen,
made, thought, or regarded,
and the like, a noun or adjective in the predicate
is in the same case as the subject. Thus, ἡ εἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός,
the pass was a wagon road, ὁ ποταμὸς καλεῖται Μαρσύᾱς, the river is called
Marsyas.
Apposition.
804. A noun annexed to another noun to describe it, and denoting
the same person or thing, agrees with it in case. This is called apposition,
and the noun thus used is called an appositive. Thus, Κῦρος, ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου
υἱός, Πέρσης ἦν, Cyrus, the son of Darius, was a Persian.
Adjectives.
805. Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case.
This applies also to the article and to adjective pronouns and participles.
Thus, ἡ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν, the road was narrow, ἐπορεύοντο οἱ Ἕλληνες τὴν
ἡμετέρᾱν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζοντες, the Greeks advanced ravaging our land.
806. An adjective or participle, generally with the article, may be
used as a noun. Thus, οἱ πολέμιοι, the enemy, τὸ κωλῦον, the hindrance,
κακόν, evil.
The Article.
807. Proper names may take the article. Thus, αἱ τοῦ Κύρου κῶμαι,
the villages of Cyrus.
808. Abstract nouns often take the article. Thus, ἡ ἀλήθεια, truth.
809. Nouns with a possessive pronoun take the article when they refer
to definite individuals, but not otherwise. Thus, ὁ ἐμὸς πατήρ, my father,
but ἐμὸς φίλος, a friend of mine.
810. The article is often used where we use a possessive pronoun, to
mark something as belonging to a person or thing mentioned in the sentence.
Thus, Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷ, Cyrus will plot against his
brother.
811. An adverb, a preposition with its case, or any similar expression
may be used with the article to qualify a noun, like an attributive adjective.
Here a noun denoting men or things is often omitted. Thus, οἱ οἴκοι
ἐχθροί, his enemies at home, οἱ παρὰ βασιλέως ἄγγελλοι, the messengers from
the king, οἱ οἴκοι, those at home, οἱ ἀμφὶ Κῦρον, Cyrus and his followers.
812. An attributive adjective, or equivalent expression, which qualifies
a noun with the article, commonly stands between the article and the noun.
But the noun with the article may be followed by the adjective with the
article repeated; here the first article is sometimes omitted. Thus, ἡ
Ἑλληνικὴ φυλακή, or ἡ φυλακὴ ἡ Ἑλληνική, or φυλακὴ ἡ Ἑλληνική, the
Greek garrison, ἡ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολή, or ἡ εἰσβολή ἡ εἰς τὸ πεδίον, or
εἰσβολὴ ἡ εἰς τὸ πεδίον, the pass leading into the plain.
813. When an adjective either precedes the article, or follows the
noun without taking an article, it is always a predicate adjective. Thus,
μῑκραὶ αἱ οἰκίαι ἦσαν, or αἱ οἰκίαι μῑκραὶ ἦσαν, the houses were small.
814. When a demonstrative pronoun agrees with a noun, it takes the
article, and stands in the predicate position. See 158.
815. In Attic prose the article retains its original demonstrative force
chiefly in the expression ὁ μέν . . . ὁ δέ, the one . . . the other. ὁ δέ, etc.,
sometimes means, and he, etc., even when no ὁ μέν precedes. Thus, τοὺς
μὲν ἀπέκτεινε, τοὺς δ᾿ ἐξέβαλεν, some he slew, others he banished, οἱ δὲ ταῦτα
ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις, and they (the generals) told it to the soldiers.
Pronouns.
816. The nominatives of the personal pronouns are seldom used,
except for emphasis. See 436.
817. The personal pronoun of the third person, οὗ, οἷ, ἕ, etc., is generally
an indirect reflexive in Attic prose, i.e. it is used in a dependent clause
to refer to the subject of the leading verb. See 437.
818. αὐτός has three uses: in all its cases it may mean self; when
preceded by the article it means same; in its oblique cases it may mean
him, her, it, them. See 160.
819. The reflexive pronouns refer to the subject of the clause in which
they stand. Sometimes in a dependent clause they refer to the subject of
the leading verb, —i.e. they are indirect reflexives. See 446.
820. The possessive pronouns (448) are generally equivalent to the
possessive genitive (841, 1) of the personal pronouns. Thus, ὁ ἐμὸς πατήρ
= ὁ πατὴρ ἐμοῦ, my father.
821. ἐκεῖνος, that, is used of something remote; ὅδε, this, of something
near or present. οὗτος is used in referring to something that has already
been mentioned; ὅδε, in referring to something which is about to be mentioned.
See 159.
822. The interrogative τίς (353), who? what? may be either substantive
or adjective. Thus, τίς τοῦτο λέγει; who says this? τίνας ἄνδρας εἶδον;
what men did I see?
823. τίς may be used both in direct and in indirect questions. Thus,
τίς ὁ θόρυβός ἐστι; what is the disturbance? ἐρωτᾷ τίς ὁ θόρυβός ἐστι,
he asks what the disturbance is.
824. The indefinite τὶς (354)may be either substantive or adjective.
Thus, τοῦτο λέγει τις, or ἄνθρωπός τις τοῦτο λέγει, somebody says this.
825. τὶς is sometimes nearly equivalent to English a or an. Thus,
εἶδον ἄνθρωπόν τινα, I saw a certain man, or I saw a man.
826. A relative agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, but
its case depends on the construction of the clause in which it stands. Thus,
ἐξελαύνουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην ποταμόν, οὗ ἦν τὸ εὖρος τέτταρα στάδια,
they marched on to the Euphrates, the breadth of which was four stades.
827. The antecedent of a relative may be omitted when it can easily
be supplied from the context, especially if it is indefinite. Thus, καταπράξω
ἐφ᾿ ἃ στρατεύομαι, I shall accomplish (the objects) for which I am
taking the field.
828. When a relative would naturally be in the accusative as the
object of a verb, it is generally assimilated to the case of the antecedent if
this is a genitive or dative. Thus, ἄνδρες ἄξιοί εἰσι τῆς ἐλευθερίᾶς ἧς
κέκτηνται, they are men worthy of the freedom which they have.
829. The antecedent is often attracted into the relative clause, and
agrees with the relative. Thus, ἀπέπεμψεν ὃ εἶχε στράτευμα, he despatched
what forces he had.
Nominative and Vocative Cases.
830. The nominative is used chiefly as the subject of a finite verb, or
in the predicate after verbs signifying to be, become, etc. See 800, 803.
831. The vocative, with or without ὦ, is used in addressing a person
or thing. Thus, ἡ ὁδός, ὦ Κῦρε, ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόν, the road, Cyrus,
leads into a beautiful plain, ἄνδρες στρατιῶται, fellow soldiers!
Accusative Case.
832. The direct object of the action of a transitive verb is put in the
accusative. Thus, σφενδόνην ἔχει, he has a sling.
833. Any verb whose meaning permits it may take an accusative of
kindred signification. This accusative repeats the idea already contained
in the verb, and may follow intransitive as well as transitive verbs. It is
called the cognate accusative. Thus, πολεμεῖ ἄδικον πόλεμον, he wages an
unjust war, τί σε ἠδίκησα; what wrong have I done you?
834. The accusative of specification may be joined with a verb, adjective,
noun, or even a whole sentence, to denote a part, character, or quality
to which the expression refers. Thus, τὰ πολέμια ἀγαθός, skilled in matters
pertaining to war, ὁ ποταμός ἐστι τὸ εὖρος πλέθρου, the river is one hundred
feet in width.
835. An accusative in certain expressions has the force of an adverb.
Thus, τὰ πάντα νῑκῶσι, they are completely victorious, τί δεῖ αὐτοὺς λύειν τὴν
γέφῡραν, why need they destroy the bridge?
836. The accusative may denote extent of time or space. Thus, ἐνταῦθα
μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά, he remained there a week, ἐπορεύοντο σταθμοὺς πέντε,
they proceeded five days’ journey.
837. The accusative follows the adverbs of swearing νή and μά, by.
An oath introduced by νή is affirmative; one introduced by μά is negative.
Thus, νὴ Δία, yes, by Zeus! μὰ τοὺς θεοὺς οὐκ αὐτοὺς διώξω, by Heaven, I
will not pursue them!
838. Verbs signifying to ask, demand, teach, remind, clothe, unclothe,
conceal, deprive, and take away may take two object accusatives. Thus,
ἡγεμόνα αἰτεῖτε Κῦρον, ask Cyrus for a guide, τοὺς παῖδας σωφροσύνην
διδάσκουσι, they teach the lads self-control, ἀναμνήσω γὰρ ὑμᾶς τοὺς κινδύνους,
I will remind you of the dangers, τὰ χρήματα Κῦρον οὐκ ἔκρυπτε, he
did not conceal his possessions from Cyrus, τοὺς ἄνδρας ἀπεστερήκαμεν τὴν
ναῦν, we have robbed the men of their ship.
839. Verbs signifying to do anything to or to say anything of a person
or thing take two accusatives. Thus, τοὺς φίλους κακόν τι ἐργάσεσθε, you
will do your friends some harm.
840. Verbs signifying to name, choose or appoint, make, think or regard,
and the like, may take a predicate accusative besides the object accusative.
Thus, πατέρα Ξενοφῶντα ἐκάλουν, they called Xenophon ‘father,’ φίλον ποιήσωμεν
τοῦτον, let us make him our friend, τὸν σατράπην φίλον οὐ νομιεῖ,
he will not regard the satrap as a friend.
Genitive Case.
841. A noun in the genitive may limit the meaning of another noun.
This is called the attributive genitive and expresses various relations, most
of which are denoted by of or by the possessive case in English. Thus:
1. Possession or other close relation, as τὰ βασιλέως βασίλεια, the
King’s place. The Possessive Genitive.
2. The Subject of an action or feeling, as ὁ τῶν βαρβάρων φόβος, the
fear of the barbarians, i.e. the fear which they felt. The Subjective Genitive.
3. The Object of an action or feeling, as ὁ τῶν Ἑλλήνων φόβος, the fear
of the Greeks, i.e. the fear which they inspired. The Objective Genitive.
4. Material or Contents, including that of which anything consists, as
πέντε μναῖ ἀργυρίου, five minas of silver. Genitive of Material.
5. Measure, of space, time, or value, as τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδός, a journey of
three days, πέντε μηνῶν μισθός, five months’ pay. Genitive of Measure.
6. Cause or Origin, as μεγάλων ἀδικημάτων ὀργή, anger at great offenses.
The Causal Genitive.
7. The Whole, after nouns denoting a part, as διὰ μέσου τῆς πόλεως,
through the middle of the city. The Partitive Genitive.
842. The Partitive genitive (841, 7) may follow all nouns, pronouns,
adjectives (especially superlatives), participles with the article, and adverbs,
which denote a part. Thus, τίς τῶν Ἑλλήνων; who of the Greeks? πάντων
πάντα κράτιστος, best of all in everything, ὑμῶν ὁ βουλόμενος, whoever of you
wishes, τῑμᾶται μάλιστα τῶν Ἑλλήνων, he is honored more than any other
Greek.
843. Verbs signifying to be or become and other copulative verbs may
have a predicate genitive expressing any of the relations of the attributive
genitive (841). Thus, τίνος ἐστὶν ὁ ἵππος; who owns the horse? ὁ
Χάλος ἐστὶ τὸ εὖρος πλέθρου, the Chalus is one hundred feet broad, ἦν δὲ
καὶ οὗτος τῶν Μίλητον πολιορκούντων, he too was one of these who were
besieging Miletus.
844. Any verb may take a genitive if its action affects the object only
in part. This principle applies especially to verbs signifying to share (give
or take a part) or to enjoy. Thus, λαμβάνουσι τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ στρατεύματος,
they take a part of the barbarian force, τῶν ἐπιτηδείων μετέσχετε, you
had your share of provisions.
845. The genitive follows verbs signifying to take hold of, touch, claim,
aim at, hit, attain, miss, make trial of, begin. Thus, ἔλαβον τῆς ζώνης, they
took hold of his girdle, οὐχ ἅπτεται τῆς κάρφης τὸ ὕδωρ, the water does not
touch the hay, οὗτος αὐτοῦ ἥμαρτε, this one missed him, ἦρχε τοῦ λόγου ὧδε,
he began his speech as follows.
846. The genitive follows verbs signifying to taste, smell, hear, perceive,
comprehend, remember, forget, desire, care for, spare, neglect, wonder at,
admire, despise. Thus, οὔποτε ἡδίονος οἴνου γέγευμαι, I have never tasted
finer wine, θορύβου ἤκουσε, he
heard a noise, τούτων μέμνησθε; do you
remember this? τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐπεμελεῖτο, he looked out for his men, μὴ
ἀμελῶμεν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν, let us not neglect ourselves.
847. The genitive follows verbs signifying to rule, lead, or direct.
Thus, τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἄρχει, he commands the hoplites, Κλέαρχος τοῦ δεξιοῦ
κέρως ἡγεῖται, Clearchus leads the right wing.
848. Verbs signifying fulness and want take the genitive of material
(841, 4). Those signifying to fill take the accusative of the thing filled
and the genitive of material. Thus, οὐ στρατιωτῶν ἀπορῶ, I am not in
need of men, τὰς διφθέρᾱς ἐπίμπλασαν χόρτου κούφου, they filled the skins
with dry grass.
849. The genitive (as ablative) may denote that from which anything
is separated or distinguished. On this principle the genitive follows verbs
denoting to remove, restrain, release, cease, fail, differ, give up, and the like.
Thus, διέσχον ἀλλήλων ὡς τριάκοντα στάδια, they were about thirty furlongs
distant from one another, ἐπέσχον τῆς πορείᾱς, they desisted from marching,
πολέμου ἡδέως παύσεται, he will be glad to stop fighting.
850. The genitive follows verbs signifying to surpass and be inferior,
and all others which imply comparison. Thus, οὕτως ἂν περιγένοιτο τῶν
ἐχθρῶν, he would thus get the better of his enemies, ὑστέρησε τῆς μάχης ἡμέραις
πέντε, he was five days too late for the battle.
851. The genitive often denotes a cause, especially with verbs expressing
emotions, such as admiration, wonder, affection, hatred, pity, anger, envy, or revenge. Sometimes it denotes the source. Thus, τῆς ἐλευθερίᾱς ὑμᾶς
εὐδαιμονίζω, I count you happy because of your freedom, τοῖς θεοῖς χάριν
ἔχουσι τῆς νίκης, they are grateful to the gods for victory, τούτων ἐμοὶ χαλεπαίνετε,
you are angry with me for this, ἤκουσε ταῦτα τοῦ ἀγγέλλου, he heard this from the messenger.
852. The genitive often depends on a preposition included in a compound
verb. Thus, τῶν ἄλλων προτῑμήσει, he will honor you above teh rest,
καταψηφίζονται αὐτοῦ θάνατον, they condemn him to death (literally, they
vote death against him).
853. The genitive may denote the price or value of a thing. Thus,
πόσου διδάσκεις; how much do you charge for your lessons? (literally, for
what price do you teach?), φιάλη χρῡσῆ ἀξίᾱ δέκα μνῶν, a gold drinking-cup
worth ten minas, φίλος πολλοῦ ἄξιος, a friend worth much (i.e. of great
value).
854. The genitive may denote the time within which anything takes
place. Thus, ὡρμᾶτο τῆς νυκτός, he set out in the night,ταῦτα τῆς ἡμέρᾱς
ἐγένετο, this happened during the day.
855. The objective genitive follows many verbal adjectives. These
are chiefly kindred (in meaning or derivation) to verbs which take the
genitive. Thus, ἔμπειροι γὰρ ἦσαν τῆς χώρᾱς, they were familiar with the
country (845), τῆς χώρᾱς ἐγκρατεῖς, masters or rulers of the land (847),
κῶμαι μεσταὶ σίτου, villages abounding in supplies (848).
856. The genitive follows many adverbs, chiefly adverbs of place and
those derived from adjectives which take the genitive. Thus, πέρᾱν τοῦ
Εὐφράτου, across the Euphrates, εἴσω τῆς πόλεως, within the city, ἐγγὺς τοῦ
παραδείσου, near the park, οἱ ἐμπείρως Κύρου ἔχοντες, those who are
acquainted with Cyrus.
857. A noun and a participle not grammatically connected with the
main construction of the sentence may stand by themselves in the Genitive
Absolute. See 516.
858. Adjectives and adverbs of the comparative degree take the genitive
(without ἤ, than). Thus, κακίους τῶν ἄλλων, more cowardly than the
rest, θᾶττον τῶν ἵππων ἔτρεχον, they ran more swiftly than the horses.
Dative Case.
859. The indirect object of the action of a transitive verb is put in
the dative. This object is generally introduced in English by to. Thus,
δίδωσι μισθὸν τῷ στρατεύματι, he gives pay to the army.
860. Certain intransitive verbs take the dative, many of which in
English may have a direct object without to. The verbs of this class
which are not translated with to in English are chiefly those signifying to
benefit, serve, obey, defend, assist, please, trust, satisfy, advise, exhort, or any
of their opposites; also those expressing friendliness, hostility, blame, abuse,
reproach, envy, anger, threats. Thus, οἱ πρόσθεν ἡμῖν βοηθήσαντες, those
who have previously helped us, πείθεται τῷ στρατηγῷ, he obeys his commander,
πιστεύουσι τῷ Κύρῳ, they trust Cyrus, παρεκελεύοντο ἀλλήλοις, they exhorted
one another, ὠργίζοντο ἰσχῡρῶς τῷ Κλεάρχῳ, they were excessively angry
with Clearchus.
861. The person or thing for whose advantage or disadvantage anything
is or is done is put in the dative. This dative is generally introduced
in English by for. Thus, ἄλλο στράτευμα Κύρῳ συνελέγετο ἐν Χερρονήσῳ,
another force was collected for Cyrus in the Chersonese, ἐμοὶ κακὸν βουλεύεις,
you are plotting harm against me. Dative of Advantage or Disadvantage.
862. The dative with εἰμί, γίγνομαι, and similar verbs may denote the
possessor. Thus, στρατιῶται Κύρῳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί, Cyrus had brave soldiers.
Dative of the Possessor.
863. The dative follows many adjectives and adverbs, and some
verbal nouns of kindred meaning with the verbs of 860 and 861. Thus,
τῷ ἐμῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος, ἐμοὶ δὲ φίλος καὶ πιστός, hostile to my brother, but
friendly and faithful to me, πηλὸς ταῖς ἁμάξαις δυσπόρευτος, mire hard for
the wagons to get through.
864. The dative is used with all words implying likeness or unlikeness,
agreement or disagreement, union, or approach. This includes verbs, adjectives,
adverbs, and nouns. Thus, ἡ πορείᾱ ὁμοίᾱ φυγῇ ἐγίγνετο, their march
came to be like flight, Μαρσύᾱς Ἀπόλλωνι ἤρισε, Marsyas contended with
Apollo, ἐπολέμει τοῖς Θρᾳξί, he carried on war with the Thracians, ἕψονται
Κύρῳ, they will follow Cyrus, ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, at daybreak, πλησιάζει τοῖς
πολεμίοις, he approaches the enemy.
865. The dative follows many verbs compounded with ἐν, σύν, or ἐπί;
and some compounded with πρός, παρά, περί, and ὑπό. Thus, τοῖς στρατιώταις
φόβον ἐμποιεῖ, he inspires his soldiers with fear, συμπέμπει τῷ
στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς, he sends other soldiers with the general,
Κύρῳ ἐπιβουλεύει, he plots against Cyrus.
866. The dative is used to denote cause, manner, and means or instrument.
Thus, φιλίᾳ καὶ εὐνοίᾳ ἐβοήθουν αὐτῷ, they helped him because of
their friendship and good will, πορεύονται κύκλῳ, they advance in a circle,
αὐτοὺς φοβοῦσι τῇ κραυγῇ, they frighten them by their uproar, diabaqinoysi
πλοίοις, they cross in boats, βούλεται ἡμῖν χρῆσθαι, he wishes to use (i.e. serve
himself by) us, γένει προσήκει βασιλεῖ, in family he is related to the king.
867. The dative of manner is used with comparatives to denote the
degree of difference. Thus, πολλῷ μείζων ἐγίγνετο ἡ βοή, the shouting grew
much (literally, by much) louder.
868. The dative sometime denotes the agent with the perfect and
pluperfect passive, rarely with other passive tense. See 203.
869. The dative is used to denote that by which any person or thing
is accompanied. Thus, ἦλθε στρατεύματι πολλῷ, he came with a mighty
army.
870. The dative without a preposition often denotes the time when an
action takes place. This is confined chiefly to nouns denoting day, night,
month, or year, and to names of festivals. Thus, τῇ αὐτῇ ἡμέρᾳ, on the same
day, τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ, on the following (day), μιᾷ νυκτὶ πάντες ἀπέθανον, all
perished in a single night.
AUGMENT AND REDUPLICATION. VERB AND TENSE STEMS.
PRINCIPAL PARTS OF IMPORTANT VERBS.
871. 1. The diphthong ου is never augmented; ει and ευ are often
without augment.
2. Some verbs beginning with a single consonant have ει in the first
perfect and perfect middle systems instead of the reduplication. See 106.
3. Most verbs beginning with a mute and a liquid have the full
reduplication.
4. Some verbs whose stem begins with α, ε, or ο, followed by a single
consonant, reduplicate the perfect and pluperfect by prefixing the first
two letters of the stem, and lengthening the following vowel as in the
temporal augment. This is called Attic reduplication.
5. Some verbs whose stem begins with a vowel take the syllabic augment,
as if the stem began with a consonant. These verbs also have a simple ε
for the reduplication. Some of them have the temporal in addition to the
syllabic augment. When another ε follows, εε is contracted into ει.
6. Some verbs derived from nouns or adjectives compounded with
prepositions are augmented and reduplicated after the preposition, like
compound verbs.
7. A few compound verbs take the augment before the
preposition,
and others have both augments.
8. Some vowel verbs retain the short vowel of the verb stem, contrary
to the general rule (274), in all the systems in which the verb occurs.
9. Some vowel verbs retain the short vowel only in some of the tense
systems.
10. Vowel stems which retain the short vowel (see 8, 9, above) and
some others may add σ to the final vowel before all endings not beginning
with σ in the perfect and pluperfect middle. Some verbs may have σ also
before θε or θη in the first passive system.
11. Some verbs with short verb stems ending in a mute or υ lengthen
the short vowel in some of the tense, α to η, ι to ει or οι, υ to ευ. The
shorter verb stem generally appears in the second aorist active or passive.
12. Stems consisting of a short vowel between two consonants sometimes
drop the vowel.
13. Some verbs add ε to the verb stem in some of the tense systems.
14. Some verbs drop σ of the future stem and contract.
15. Futures in ισω and ισομαι from verbs in ιζω of more than two
syllables regularly drop σ and insert ε, and contract. The forms in 14
and 15 are called the Attic future.
16. Some verbs, instead of a future in σομαι, or in addition to it, have
a future in σεομαι, contracted σουμαι, formed with the tense suffix σε ο/ε.
This is called the Doric future.
17. In many verbs the future active does not occur, and the future
middle is used in its stead.
In the following, the numeral in parenthesis refers to the sections of
871, the superior numeral to the notes at the foot of the page.
| Principal Parts of Important Verbs |
|---|
| ἄγω | lead, bring, |
| ἄξω | ἤγαγον1 | ἦχα | ἦγμαι | ἤχθην |
| αἰνέω | praise, |
| αἰνέσω (9) | ᾔνεσα (9) | ᾔνεκα (9) | ᾔνημαι | ᾐνέθην (9) |
| αἱρέω (αἱρε, ἑλ) | take, seize, mid. take for oneself, choose, |
| αἱρήσω | εἶλον (5) | ᾕρηκα | ᾕρημαι | ᾑρέθην (9) |
| αἰσθάνομαι (αἰσθ) | perceive, |
| αἰσθήσομαι (13) | ᾐσθόμην | | ᾔσθημαι (13) | |
| ἀκούω | hear, |
| ἀκούσομαι (17) | ἤκουσα | ἀκήκοα2 (4) | | ἠκούσθην (10) |
| ἁλίσκομαι (ἁλ, ἁλο) | be captured, |
| ἁλώσομαι | ἑάλων3 (5) | ἑάλωκα (5) |
| ἥλων4 | ἥλωκα |
| ἀλλάττω (ἀλλαγ) | change, |
| ἀλλάξω | ἤλλαξα | ἤλλαχα | ἤλλαγμαι | ἠλλάχθην | ἠλλάγην |
| ἁμαρτάνω (ἁμαρτ) | miss, err, do wrong, |
| ἁμαρτήσομαι (13, 17) | ἤμαρτον | ἡμάρτηκα (13) | ἡμάρτημαι (13) | ἡμαρτήθην (13) |
| ἀν-οίγω | open, |
| ἀν-οίξω | ἀν-έῳξα (5) | ἀν-έῳχα (5) | ἀν-έῳγα (5) | ἀν-έῳγμαι (5) | ἀν-εῴχθην (5) |
| βαίνω (βα) | go, |
| βήσομαι (17) | ἔβην4 | βέβηκα | βέβαμαι (9) | ἐβάθην (9) |
| βάλλω (βαλ) | throw, |
| βαλῶ | ἔβαλον | βέβληκα | βέβλημαι | ἐβλήθην |
| βλάπτω (βλαβ) | injure, |
| βλάψω | ἔβλαψα | βέβλαφα | βέβλαμμαι | ἐβλάφθην | ἐβλάβην |
| βούλομαι | wish, will, |
| βουλήσομαι (13) | βεβούλημαι (13) | ἐβουλήθην (13) |
| γίγνομαι (γεν) | become, |
| γενήσομαι (13) | ἐγενόμην | γέγονα | γεγένημαι (13) |
| γιγνώσκω (γνο) | perceive, know, |
| γνώσομαι | ἔγνων1 | ἔγνωσμαι (10) | ἐγνώσθην (10) |
| γράφω | write, |
| γράψω | ἔγραψα | γέγραφα (3) | γέγραμμαι (3) | ἐγράφην |
| δείκνῡμι (δεικ) | point out, show, |
| δείξω | ἔδειξα | δέδειχα | δέδειγμαι | ἐδείχθην |
| δέρω | flay, |
| δερῶ | ἔδειρα | δέδαρμαι | ἐδάρην |
| δέω | bind, |
| δήσω | ἔδησα | δέδεκα (9) | δέδεμαι (9) | ἐδέθην (9) |
| δέω | need, mid. need, desire, request, |
| δεήσω (13) | ἐδέησα (13) | δεδέηκα (13) | δεδέημαι (13) | ἐδεήθην (13) |
| διδράσκω (δρα) | run, |
| δράσομαι (17) | ἔδρᾱν1 | δέδρᾱκα |
| δίδωμι (δο) | give, |
| δώσω | ἔδωκα (700, 4) | δέδωκα | δέδομαι (9) | ἐδόθην (9) |
| δύναμαι (δυνα) | be able, can, |
| δυνήσομαι | δεδύνημαι | ἐδυνήθην |
| δύω | make enter, intrans. enter, |
| δύσω | ἔδῡσα | δέδῡκα | δέδυμαι (9) | ἐδύθην (9) |
| ἔδῡν | | | |
| ἐάω | permit, |
| ἐάσω | εἴᾱσα (5) | εἴᾱκα (5) | εἴᾱμαι (5) | εἰάθην (5) |
| ἐθέλω | wish, desire, |
| ἐθελήσω (13) | ἠθέλησα (13) | ἠθέληκα (13) |
| εἶπον (εὶπ, ἐρ, ῥε) | said, |
| ἐρῶ | εἶπον | εἴρηκα (2) | εἴρημαι (2) | ἐρρήθην (738, 2) |
| ἐλαύνω (ἐλα) | drive, set in motion, intrans. ride, drive, march, |
| ἐλῶ (14) | ἤλασα (8) | ἐλήλακα (4, 8) | ἐλήλαμαι (4, 8) | ἠλάθην (8) |
| ἐπίσταμαι (ἐπιστα) | understand, know how, |
| ἐπιστήσομαι | ἠπιστήθην |
| ἕπομαι (σεπ),5 | follow, accompany, |
| ἕψομαι | ἑσπόμην (12) |
| ἐργάζομαι (ἑργαδ) | work, |
| ἐργάσομαι | εἰργασάμην (5) | εἴργασμαι (5) |
| ἔρχομαι (ἐρχ, ἐλυθ, ἐλθ) | go, come, |
| ἦλθον | ἐλήλυθα (4) |
| ἐσθίω (ἐσθι, ἐδ, ἐδο, φαγ) | eat, |
| ἔδομαι6 | ἔφαγον | ἐδήδοκα (4, 9) | ἐδήδεσμαι (4, 9, 10, 13) | ἠδέσθην (9, 10, 13) |
| εὑρίσκω (εὑρ) | find, discover, |
| εὑρήσω (13) | ηὗρον | ηὕρηκα (13) | ηὕρημαι (13) | ηὑρέθην (9, 13) |
| ἔχω (σεχ, σχε),7 | have, hold, |
| ἕξω | ἔσχον (12) | ἔσχηκα | ἔσχημαι |
| σχήσω | | | |
| θάπτω (ταφ for θαφ),8 | bury, |
| θάψω | ἔθαψα | τέθαμμαι | ἐτάφην |
| θαυμάζω (θαυμαδ) | admire, |
| θαυμάσομαι (17) | ἐθαύμασα | τεθαύμακα | ἐθαυμάσθην |
| θνῄσκω (θαν) | die, be slain, |
| θανοῦμαι (17) | ἔθανον | τέθνηκα |
| θύω | sacrifice, |
| θύσω | ἔθῡσα | τέθυκα (9) | τέθυμαι (9) | ἐτύθην9 (9) |
| ἴημι (ἑ) | send, |
| ἥσω | τκα10 | εἶκα (5) | εἶμαι (5) | εἵθην (5) |
| ἱκνέομαι (ἱκ) | come, |
| ἵξομαι | ἱκόμην11 | ἶγμαι11 |
| ἵστημι (στα) | set, make stand, intrans, stand, stop, |
| στήσω | ἔστησα | ἕστηκα12 | ἕσταμαι (9) | ἐστάθην (9) |
| ἔστην | | | |
| καλέω (καλε, κλε) | call, |
| καλῶ (14) | ἐκάλεσα (9) | κέκληκα | κέκλημαι | ἐκλήθην |
| κάω (καυ) | burn, |
| καύσω | ἔκαυσα | κέκαυκα | κέκαυμαι | ἐκαύθην |
| κελεύω | order, |
| κελεύσω | ἐκέλευσα | κεκέλευκα | κεκέλευσμαι (10) | ἐκελεύσθην (10) |
| κλείω | shut, |
| κλείσω | ἔκλεισα | κέκλειμαι | ἐκλείσθην (10) |
| | κέκλεισμαι (10) |
| κλέπτω (κλεπ) | steal, |
| κλέψω | ἔκλεψα | κέκλοφα | κέκλεμμαι | ἐκλάπην |
| κόπτω (κοπ) | cut, |
| κόψω | ἔκοψα | κέκοφα | κέκομμαι |
ἐκόπην |
| κρεμάννῡμι(κρεμα) | hang up, |
| κρεμῶ (14) | ἐκρέμασα (9) | ἐκρεμάσθην (9, 10) |
| λαμβάνω (λαβ) | take, |
| λήψομαι (11, 17) | ἔλαβον | εἴληφα (2, 11) | εἴλημμαι (2, 11) | ἐλήφθην (11) |
| λανθάνω (λαθ) | escape the notice of, mid. forget, |
| λήσω (11) | ἔλαθον | λέληθα (11) | λέλησμαι (11) |
| λέγω | gather, |
| ἔλεξα | εἴλοχα (2) | εἴλεγμαι (2) | ἐλέγην |
| | | ἐλέχθην |
| λέγω | say, speak, tell, relate, |
| λέξω | ἔλεξα | λέλεγμαι | ἐλέχθην |
| λείπω (λιπ) | leave, |
| λείψω (11) | ἔλιπον | λέλοιπα (11) | λέλειμμαι (11) | ἐλείφθην (11) |
| λύω | loose, |
| λύσω | ἔλῡσα | λέλυκα (9) | λέλυμαι (9) | ἐλύθην (9) |
| μανθάνω (μαθ) | learn, |
| μαθήσομαι (13, 17) | ἔμαθον | μεμάθηκα (13) |
| μάχομαι | fight, |
| μαχοῦμαι (13, 14) | ἐμαχεσάμην (9, 13) | μεμάχημαι (13) |
| μένω | remain, |
| μενῶ | ἔμεινα | μεμένηκα (13) |
| μιμνῄσκω (μνα) | remind, mid. remember, mention, |
| μνήσω | ἔμνησα | μέμνημαι13 | ἐμνήσθην (10) |
| νομίζω (νομιδ) | think, |
| νομιῶ (15) | ἐνόμισα | νενόμικα | νενόμισμαι | ἐνομίσθην |
| οἴομαι or οἶμαι | think, believe, |
| οἰήσομαι (13) | ᾤήθην (13) |
| ὄλλῡμι (ὀλ) | destroy, lose, |
| ὀλῶ | ὤλεσα (9, 13) | ὀλώλεκα (4, 9,
13) |
| ὠλόμην | ὄλωλα (4) |
| ὄμνῡμι (ὀμ, ὀμο) | swear |
| ὀμοῦμαι (17) | ὤμοσα (8) | ὀμώμοκα(4,8) | ὠμὀθην (8) |
| | | ὀμώμοσμαι (4, 8, 10) | ὠμόσθην (8, 10) |
| ὁράω (ὁρα, ἰδ, ὀπ) | see |
| ὄψομαι | εἶδον (5) | ἑόρᾱκα (5) | ἑώρᾱμαι (5) | |
| | ἑώρᾱκα (5) | ὦμμαι | ὤφθην |
| ὀρὐττω (ὀρυχ) | dig |
| ὀρύξω | ὤρυξα | ὀρώρυχα (4) | ὀρώρυγμαι (4) | ὠρύχθην |
| ὀφείλω (ὀφελ),14 | owe |
| ὀφειλήσω (13) | ὠφείλησα (13) | ὠφειληκα (13) | ὠφειλήθην (13) |
| ὤφελον | | |
| παίω | strike |
| παίσω | ἔπαισα | πέπαικα | | ἐπαίσθην (10) |
| πάχω (παθ, πενθ) | experience, suffer |
| πείσομαι15 | ἔπαθον | πέπονθα | | |
| πείθω (πιθ) | persuade, mid. obey |
| πείσω (11) | ἔπεισα(11) | πέπεικα (11) | πέπεισμαι (11) | ἐπείσθην (11) |
| | πέποιθα (11) | | |
| πίμπλημι (πλα) | fill |
| πλήσω | ἔπλησα | πέπληκα | πέπλημαι | ἐπλήσθην (10) |
| | | πέπλησμαι (10) | |
| πίπτω (πετ, πτο) | fall |
| πεσοῦμαι (16, 17) | ἔπεσον | πέπτωκα | | |
| πλέω (πλυ) | sail |
| πλεύσομαι (11, 17) | ἔπλευσα (11) | πέπλευκα (11) | πέπλευσμαι (10, 11) | |
| πλευσοῦμαι (11, 16, 17) | | | |
| πλήττω (πληγ, πλαγ) | smite |
| πλήξω | ἔπληξα | πέπληγα | πέπληγμαι | ἐπλήγην |
| | | | ἐπλάγην16 |
| πράττω (πρᾱγ) | do, act |
| πράξω | ἔπρᾱξα | πέπρᾱγα | πέπρᾱγμαι | ἐπράχθην |
| | πέπρᾱχα | | |
| πυνθάνομαι (πυθ) | inquire, learn by inquiry |
| πεύσομαι (11) | ἐπυθόμην | | πέπυσμαι | |
| ῥέω (ῥυ) | flow |
| ῥεύσομαι(11, 17) | | ἐρρύηκα17 (13) | | ἐρρύην |
| ῥίπτω (ῥῑφ, ῥιφ) | throw |
| ῥίψω | ἔρρῑψα18 | ἔρρῑφα18 | ἔρρῑμμαι | ἔρρίφθην |
| | | | ἐρρίφην |
| σπάω | draw |
| ἔσπασα (8) | ἔσπακα (8) | ἔσπασμαι (8, 10) | ἐσπάσθην (8, 10) |
| σπείρω (σπερ) | sow, scatter |
| σπερῶ | ἔσπειρα | | ἔσπαρμαι | ἐσπάρην |
| στέλλω (στελ) | put in order, equip, send |
| στελῶ | ἔστειλα | ἔσταλκα | ἔσταλμαι | ἐστάλην |
| στρέφω | turn, twist |
| στρέψω | ἔστρεψα | ἔστροφα | ἔστραμμαι | ἐστράφην |
| | | | ἐστρέφθην |
| σῴζω (σω, σωδ) | save |
| σώσω | ἔσωσα | σέσωκα | σέσωμαι | ἐσώθην |
| | | σέσωσμαι | |
| τελέω | complete, |
| τελῶ (14) | ἐτέλεσα(8) | τετέλεκα (8) | τετέλεσμαι (8, 10) | ἐτελέσθην (8, 10) |
| τέμνω (τεμ) | cut |
| τεμῶ | ἔτεμον | τέτμηκα | τέτμημαι | ἐτμήθην |
| ἔταμον | | | |
| τήκω (τακ) | melt |
| τήξω (11) | ἔτηξα (11) | τέτηκα (11) | | ἐτάκην |
| | | | ἐτήχθην (11) |
| τίθημι (θε) | put, set, place |
| θήσω | ἔθηκα (694, 5) | τέθεικα19 | τέθειμαι19 | ἐτέθην20 |
| τρέτω | turn, bend, divert |
| τρέψω | ἔτρεψα | τέτροφα | τέρταμμαι | ἐτράτην |
| ἔτραπον | | | ἐτρέφθην |
| τρέφω (τρεφ for θρεφ),21 | nourish, support |
| θρέψω | ἔθρεψα | | τέθραμμαι | ἐτράφην |
| | | | ἐθρέφθην |
| τρέχω (τρεχ, δραμ) | run |
| δραμοῦμαι (17) | ἔδραμον | δεδράμηκα (13) | δεδράμημαι (13) | |
| τρίβω (τρῑβ, τριβ) | rub |
| τρίψω | ἔτρῑψα | τέτριφα | τέτρῑμμαι | ἐτρίβην |
| | | | ἐτρίφθην |
| τυγχάνω (τυχ) | hit, attain, intrans. happen |
| τεύξομαι (11, 17) | ἔτυχον | τετύχηκα (13) | | |
| | τέτευχα (11) | | |
| ὑπ-ισχνέομαι (σεχ, σχε) | hold oneself under, promise |
| ὑπο-σχήσομαι | ὑπ-εσχόμην22 | | ὑπ-έσχημαι | |
| φαίνω (φαν) | show |
| φανῶ | ἔφηνα | πέφαγκα | πέφαγκα | πέφασμαι | ἐφάνθην |
| | πέφηνα | | ἐφάνην |
| φέρω (φερ, οἰ, ἐνεκ, ἐνεγκ) | bear, bring, carry |
| οἴσω | ἤνεγκα23 | ἐνήνοχα (4) | ἐνήνεγμαι (4) | ἠνέχθην |
| ἤνεγκον | | | |
| φεύγω (φυγ) | flee |
| φεύξομαι (11, 17) | ἔφυγον | πέφευγα (11) | | |
| φευξοῦμαι
(11, 16, 17) | | | | |
| φθάνω (φθα) | get the start of, anticipate |
| φθήσομαι (17) | ἔφθην24 | | | |
| φθάσω (9) | ἔφθασα (9) | | | |
| φθείρω (φθερ) | destroy |
| φθερῶ | ἔφθειρα | ἔφθαρκα | ἔφθαρμαι | ἐφθάρην |
| χράομαι | use |
| χρήσομαι25 | ἐχρησάμην | | κέχρημαι (3) | |
1 The stem is reduplicated, ἀγαγ.—2υ is dropped. --3 Second aorist of the μι form (789). —4 Second aorist of the μι form
(790). --1Second aorist of the μι form (790). -5 ἕπομαι for σεπομαι and ἕψομαι for σεψομαι (738, 13). In ἑσπόμην the rough
breathing is retained irregularly.—6 A few irregular futures drop σ of the stem,
so that the future has the appearance of a present.—7 ἔχω for σεχω and ἕξω for
σεξω (738, 13).—8 See 738, 17.—9 θυ becomes τυ before θην. -10Cf. the first aorist ἔθηκα (694, 5).—11 ῑ is due to the augment and reduplication.
—12 For an irregular (107) σεστηκα, the rough breathing representing the
first σ, as in the present. (So ἕσταμαι, for σεσταμαι.) Pluperfect εἱστήκη for
ἐ-σεστηκη. --13 With full reduplication, contrary to the rule (107). --14 ὀφείλω follows the analogy of short stems ending in a mute (11) in lengthening
ὀφελ to ὀφειλ in most of its tenses.—15νθ are dropped before σ and the
preceding vowel is lengthened (738, 11).—16 In composition. 17 For the reduplication, see 738, 2. —18 For the augment and reduplication,
see 738, 2. --19 The vowel of the verb stem is irregularly (274) lengthened to ει in the first
perfect and perfect middle systems.—20 θε becomes τε before θην.—21 See 738, 17.
—22 Cf. ἔχω.—23 Formed irregularly without σ on stem ένεγκ.
-24 Second aorist of the μι form. Cf. 790.—25 The a of the stem is irregularly
(274) lengthened to η in all the systems except the present.
Word Lists and Word Formation
Give the meanings of the following words. These words have all
occurred in the preceding vocabularies.
872. FIRST WORD LIST. (LESSONS III.-XII.)
| ἀγαθός | εἰς | κελεύω | ὅπλον** | στρατηγός** |
| ἀγορά | Ἑλληνικός* | Κλέαρχος | ὅρκος | στρατιά** |
| ἄγω** | ἐν* | κραυγή | οὐ** | στρατιώτης** |
| ἀδελφός | ἐξ* | Κῦρος | οὔτε. . . οὔτε** | σύμμαχος** |
| ἀθροίζω | ἐπί | κώμη | πεδίον | σύν* |
| ἄμαξα | ἐπιβουλεύω** | λόγος* | πελταστής** | σφενδόνη |
| ἄνθρωπος* | Εὐφράτης | λύω* | πέλτη** | τόξον** |
| ἁρπάω** | ἔχω* | μακρός | πέμπω* | τοξότης** |
| βάρβαρος* | ἡμέρᾱ* | μάχαιρα** | Πέρσης* | τότε |
| βουλεύω** | θάλαττα | μάχη** | πλοῖον | τράπεζα |
| γάρ | θεός* | μῑκρός* | πολέμιος** | τριᾱκόσιοι |
| γέφῡρα | θηρίον | μισθός* | πόλεμος** | φανερός |
| δᾱρεικός | θύρᾱ* | νεᾱνίᾱς | ποταμός* | φοβερός** |
| δέ | θύω | ὁ, ἡ, τό | πρός | φόβος** |
| δεξιός | ἵππος* | ὁδός* | πύλη | φυλακή |
| διά | καί | οἰκίᾱ | σκηνή* | χώρᾱ** |
| διαρπάζω** | κακός | οἶνος* | στενός* | χωρίον** |
| διώκω | καλός* | ὁπλίτης** | στρατεύω** | ὦ |
| δῶρον | | | | |
873.
An inspection of this List shows that these words are
not all separate units, but that some of them are retated to
others both in form and in meaning.
Thus, ὅπλον, ὁπλίτης; πέλτη, πελταστής; πόλεμος, πολέμιος; τόξον, τοξότης;
φὀβος, φοβερός; χώρᾱ, χωρίον; μάχη, μάχαιρα, σύμ-μαχος; στρατιά, στρατιώτης,
στρατεύω, στρατ-ηγός (army-leader, ἄγω).
874. Greek words, then, fall naturally into groups. The
words in any group are related to one another both in form
and in meaning. Some words, called compound words, are
related to two or more separate simple words, as στρατ-ηγός,
which is related both to στρατιά and to ἄγω. Here belong
compound verbs.
875. Greek words may be related not only to other Greek
words, but also to words in other languages, notably Latin and
English. Thus ἄγω and agō, ἁρπάζω and rapiō, δῶρον and
dōnum are obviously related.
876. English words may be related to Greek words in the
same manner as Latin words, the Greek and English words
having a common original source. Their connection in form
is often obscure. Thus, θύρᾱ, DOOR (cf. Latin foris); λύω,
LOOSE (cf. Latin so-luo). Such words are called COGNATE.
Other English words are directly borrowed from Greek words.
Thus, βάρβαρος, barbarous; Ἑλληνικός, Hellenic; θεός, theism;
σκηνή, scene; στενός, steno-grapher; ἄνθρωπος, phil-anthropy;
λόγος, philo-logy.
877. It is of great practical importance to note and fix in
the mind the relationships of Greek words.
In acquiring a Greek vocabulary, do not commit words to
memory as separate units, but group the Greek words together
that show affinity in form and meaning, and associate with them
the related Latin and English words.
Inspect, in the general vocabulary, the etymological statements about
the words in the First Word List above that are marked with a star or
stars. The double star signifies that the word is related to another Greek
word, or to other Greek words, in the List.
878. SECOND WORD LIST. (LESSONS XIII.-XXI.)
In this List, and in the six following Lists, first give the meanings of
the words, and then inspect, in the general vocabulary, the etymological
statements about all the words that are marked with a star or stars. The
double star signifies that the word is related to another Greek word, or to
other Greek words, in the List under consideration or in previous Lists.
Occasionally a related word is given in parenthesis which might otherwise
be overlooked; but no related word is thus given which would be
suggested by a proper use of the general vocabulary.
| ἄγγελος* | Δᾱρεῖος** | ἥκω | οὖν | πιστεύω** |
| ἀγοράζω** | (δᾱρεικός) | Θετταλός | οὗτος** | πιστός** |
| ἄγριος* | δασμός | θηρεύω** | οὕτως** | πορεύομαι** |
| ἄκρος* | δεινός | ἱκανός | παίω | σατράπης |
| ἀλήθεια | δή | ἰσχῡρός | πάλιν* | σπονδή* |
| ἄλλος* | δίκη* | λέγω** | πάνυ | σταθμός |
| ἀντί* | εἴκοσι* | (λόγος) | παρά* | συμβουλεύω** |
| ἄξιος** | εἰμί** | λοχᾱγός | παράδεισος* | συμπέμπω** |
| ἀπό* | ἐκεῖνος | Μαίανδρος* | παρασάγγης | συστρατεύομαι** |
| ἀποπέμπω** | ἐνταῦθα** | μᾶλλον | παρασκευή | τέ |
| ἄπορος** | ἐντεῦθεν** | μετά | πάρειμι** | τοξεύω** |
| Ἀρίστιππος | ἐπεί | μεταπέμπω** | πάροδος** | υἱός* |
| Ἀρταξέρξης | ἔπειμι** | μύριοι | παύω* | ὑπό* |
| ἀρχή* | ἐπιβουλή** | ξένος | πείθω** | φίλιος** |
| ἀτῑμάζω | ἐπιστολή | ὅδε** | (πιστός) | φίλος* |
| αὐτος* | ἐπιτήδειος | ὄλεθρος | πέντε* | φρούραρχος |
| βαρβαρικός** | ἑπτά* | ὀλίγος* | πέρᾱν | Φρυγίᾱ |
| βασίλειος | ἕτοιμος | ὅλος* | Περσικός** | ὧδε** |
| γράφω* | ἤ | ὄνος* | πηγή | ὥστε |
| ἡδέως | ὄρθιος | πιέξω | |
879. THIRD WORD LIST. (LESSONS XXII.—XXXI.)
| ἀδικέω** | ἅμα**(ἅμαξα) | ἅπᾱς** | ἅρμα | ἀσπίς |
| ἄδικος** | ἀμφί* | ἁπλοῦς | ἄρχω** | αὖ |
| ἀκῑνάκης | ἀνά* | ἀργυροῦς | (φρούραρχος) | βοάω |
| ἀλλά** | ἀπάγω** | ἀριθμός* | ἄρχων** | βούλομαι** |
| γέρων | εὔνους** | κόπτω** | πειράομαι* | τῑμάω**(ἀτῑμάζω) |
| γῆ* | εὐώνυμος** | λείπω** | περί* | τριάκοντα |
| δέδρον | ἡγέομαι** | μέσος* | ποιέω* | ὑπέρ* |
| δηλόω | ἤδη | μή | πολεμέω** | ὑποζύγιον |
| διῶρυξ | θαυμάζω | μνᾶ | πολλάκις | ὕστερος* |
| εἰ | Θρᾷξ | νῑκάω** | πράττω* | φάλαγξ* |
| εἰσβολή | θώρᾱξ* | νῑκη** | πρό** | φιλέω** |
| εἶτα | κακῶς** | νοῦς** | Πρόξενος | φύλαξ** |
| ἕκαστος | καλέω* | νύξ* | πρῶτος** | φυλάττω** |
| ἑκών | καλῶς** | Ξενοφῶν | στόλος | χαλκοῦς* |
| Ἑλλάς** | κατά | ὁρμάω | στόμα | χαρίεις** |
| ἐλπίς | κατακόπτω** | ὄρνῑς* | στράτευμα** | χάρις** |
| ἔπειμι** | καταλείπω** | ὅτι | στρεπτός | χῑλιοι |
| ἐρωτάω | κῆρυξ | οὐκέτι** | συνάγω** | χράομαι** |
| ἔτι** | Κίλιξ | παρασκευάζω** | συντάττω** | χρῆμα** |
| εὖ** | κλώψ | πᾶς** (πάνυ) | τάττω** | χρῡσοῦς* |
| εὐθύς | | | | |
880. FOURTH WORD LIST. (LESSONS XXXII.—XLI.)
| ἀγών** | ἐθέλω | ἥδομαι**(ἡδέως) | ὅμως** | σπάω** |
| αἰτέω | εἴσω** | ἡττάομαι | ὄνομα** | στερέω |
| ἀκούω* | ἑκατέρωθεν** | κατάγω** | (εὐώνυμος) | συγκαλέω** |
| ἀμαχεί** | ἐκεῖ** | κίνδῡνος** | οὐδέ** | συμπορεύομαι** |
| ἀνήρ* | ἐλαύων** | κλείω*παρακαλέω** | σφενδονήτης** |
| ἀπελαύνω** | Ἕλλην** | κύκλος** | παρέχω** | σχολή** |
| ἀποχωρέω** | ἐμπόριον** | κυκλόω** | πατήρ* | σῴζω |
| ἀργύριον** | ἐξαπατάω* | κωλύω | πεζῇ** | σῶμα |
| ἀρετή | ἐπαινέω* | λαμβάνω | πεζός** | τάχα |
| βασιλεύω** | ἐπικίνδῡνος** | λοιπός** | πλησιάζω | τῑμή** |
| δείδω**(δεινός) | ἐπιμελέομαι** | λῡπέω* | ποῖος | τίμιος** |
| δέω | ἐπισῑτίζομαι** | Μένων | πολιορκέω | τῑμωρέω |
| διαβατός | ἕπομαι* | μήν* | πορίζω** | τίς |
| διασπάω** | ἔρημος* | μήτηρ* | πόσος | τὶς |
| δίκαιος** | ἕτερος* | μισθοφόρος** | πρᾶγμα** | φεύγω** |
| δικαίως** | εὐνοϊκῶς** | μισθόω** | πῶς | φοβέω** |
| δοκέω* | ἐχθρός* | νομίζω | ῥᾳδίως | φυγάς** |
| ἐάν** | ζητέω | νῦν* | ῥήτωρ | ψηφίζομαι* |
| ἐάω | ἡγεμών** | οἴκαδε** | σῖτος** | ὠφελέω |
881. FIFTH WORD LIST. (LESSONS XLII.—L.)
| ἀδύνατος | δαπανάω* | ἰδιώτης* | ὀργίζομαι** | σύ** |
| αἰτιάομαι* | δεῦρο | κατασκέπτο- | ὄρος | σχεδίᾱ |
| ἀληθής** | δῆλος** | μαι** | οὗ** | σχίζω* |
| (ἀλήθεια) | διασῴζω** | καταφανής | οὔπω** | σχολαίως** |
| ἀλλήλων** | διδάσκω | κέρας* | παῖς* | Σωκράτης |
| ἀμελέω** | διφθέρᾱ | κομίζω | παρακελεύο- | ταχέως**(τάχα) |
| ἀμφότερος** | δρόμος | κράνος* | μαι** | τεῖχος* |
| (ἀμφί) | δύο**(διά) | κράτος** | πηλός | τολμάω* |
| ἀνάγκη | ἑαυτοῦ** | κρέας* | πλέθρον | τόπος* |
| ἀξίνη* | ἐγκρατής** | Λακεδαιμόνιος | πλήρης | τρέπω** |
| ἀπαιτέω** | ἐγώ** | λόχος** | πολυτελής | τριήρης |
| ἀπαράσκευος** | ἐμαυτοῦ** | μά | πρίν** | ὑμέτερος** |
| ἀσφαλής* | ἐμός** | μέλᾱς* | πρόθῡμος** | φημί* |
| αὐτίκα** | ἕνεκα | μέρος | προσελαύνω** | Φοῖνιξ |
| ἀφικνέομαι** | ἐπιλείπω** | μηκέτι** | προσήκω** | φυγή** |
| (ἱκανός) | ἐπισῑτισμός** | ξύλον | σεαυτοῦ** | χείρ* |
| ἀφιππεύω** | ἐπιτρέπω** | ὁμαλής** | σκέπτομαι** | χιτών |
| βιάζομαι
* | εὐδαίμων** | ὁμολογέω** | σός** | χρῄζω |
| γένος** | εὖρος* | ὁπλίζω** | σπεύδω | ψέλιον |
| γήλοφος** | ἤ | ὅπου | στρατόπεδον** | ὥρᾱ* |
| γίγνομαι** | ἡμέτερος** | ὀργή** | (πεδίον) | ὥσπερ |
882. SIXTH WORD LIST. (LESSONS LI.—LX.)
| ἀεί* | βαθύς | δόρυ* | ἔξω** | ἡδύς** |
| αἰσχρός | βασιλεύς** | δύναμις | ἐπειδή** | ἥμισυς* |
| ἀκρόπολις** | βίος* | δώδεκα** | ἐπικούρημα | θάνατος |
| ἀπέρχομαι** | βοηθέω** | ἐγγύς | ἔργον* | ἱερός* |
| ἀπέχω** | (βοάω) | εἷς** | ἑρμηνεύς* | ἱππεύς** |
| ἀπορέω** | βοῦς* | ἐκποδών** | ἔρχομαι** | ἴσως* |
| Ἄρτεμις | βωμός | Ἑλλήσποντος | εὔνοια** | ἰχθύς* |
| ἄστυ | γεύω* | ἐξαιτέω** | ἕως | καιρός |
| ἀσφαλῶς** | γραῦς** | ἔξειμι** | ζάω* | καταλαμβάνω** |
| αὐτόθι** | γυνή** | ἐξελαύνω** | Ζεύς | καταλύω** |
| Βαβυλών | δέχομαι* | ἐξέτασις* | ζώνη* | καταπράττω** |
| καταψηφίζο-μαι** | ναῦς* | πλαίσιον | σκηνέω** | τρεῖς**(τριάκον-τα, τριᾱκόσιοι, τριήρης) |
| οἰκέω** | πολεμικός** | στάδιον | |
| Κιλικίᾱ** | οἵομαι | πόλις** | στρατηγέω** | |
| κλέπτω** (κλώψ) | ὄπισθεν | | στρατοπεδεύω** | τρέφω |
| ὁπότε | πολύς** | συλλέγω* | τρίτος** |
| κολάζω | Ὀρόντᾱς | πορείᾱ** | σωτήρ** | ὕδωρ* |
| κρήνη | ὅς** | ποτέ** | τάξις** | ὑπισχνέομαι** |
| λέγω** | ὅστις** | πούς**(πεζός, τράπεζα) | τάφρος | ὑπολύω** |
| λόγχη | οὐδείς** | | ταχύς** | φιλίᾱ** |
| μάλιστα** | οὐδέποτε** | πρόσθεν** | τελευτάω** | χαλεπός |
| μάχομαι** | οὐκοῦν** | προσκυνέω* | τελευτή** | Χερρόνησος |
| μέγας* | οὔποτε** | προστάττω** | τέλος** | χῑλός |
| μέντοι | οὐπώποτε** | προτῑμάω** | τέτταρες** (τράπεζα) | χρή |
| Μίλητος | πεντεκαίδεκα** | Σάρδεις | | χρόνος* |
| μόνος* | πῆχυς | σκευοφόρος | | ψεύδομαι* |
883. SEVENTH WORD LIST. (LESSONS LXI.—LXX.)
| ἀγγέλλω** | ἀποφαίνω** | ἔνθα** | κρύπτω* | παρατάττω** |
| αἱρέω* | βάλλω** (εἰσβολή) | ἐξοπλισἰᾱ** | κτείνω** | πάσχω* |
| αἰσθάνομαι* | | ἐπιστρατεύω** | κωμήτης** | πίπτω** |
| ἀλλάττω** | βαρβαρικῶς** | ἐργάζομαι** | λάθρᾳ | πλῆθος |
| ἀναστέλλω** | βλάπτω* | ἐσθίω* | μάντις* | πλήν |
| ἀνατείνω** | γέ | εὐδαιμόνως** | μένω* | πλησίος** |
| ἀνδράποδον | γνώμη | θάπτω** (τάφρος) | νάπη | πλήττω** |
| ἀνδρεῖος** | γυμνής* | | οἴκοι** | πονέω** |
| ἀνδρείως** | διάγω** | θαρρέω* | οἰωνός | πόνος** |
| ἀνέχω** | διασπείρω** | θνῄσκω** (θάνατος) | ὁράω** (τῑμωρέω) | πότερον. . . ἤ |
| ἄνω** | διατελέω** | | | ποῦ |
| ἀξιόω** | διατρίβω** | θόρυβος | ὀρύττω** (διῶρυξ) | προθύμως** |
| ἀπαγγέλλω** | διαφθείρω** | θωρᾱκίζω** | | προσέρχομαι** |
| ἀπαλλάττω** | ἐγκέφαλος** | ἰσχῡρῶς** | ὅτε | προτρέχω** |
| ἀποθνῄσκω** | εἰκάζω | κάω* | οὐδαμοῦ** | πυνθάνομαι |
| ἀποκρίνομαι** | εἶπον**(ῥήτωρ) | κεφαλή** | ὀφείλω | πῦρ* |
| ἀποκτείνω** | ἐκβάλλω** | κηρύττω** | ὀφθαλμός** | ῥᾴδιος** |
| ἀποσπάω** | ἐκπλήττω** | κινδῡνεύω** | ὄχθη | ῥίπτω |
| ἀποστέλλω** | Ἑλληνικῶς** | Κρής | παιδεύω** | σημαίνω* |
| ἀποτέμνω** | ἐμπίπτω** | κρίνω** | παραγγέλλω** | σκευοφορέω** |
| σπείρω** | σφόδρα* | τελέω** | τρίβω** | χαλεπαίων** |
| στέλλω**(ἐπιστολή, στόλος) | σωτηρίᾱ** | τέμνω** | ὑπάγω** | χιών* |
| ταράττω | τετταράκοντα** | ὑπολείπω** | χρῡσίον** |
| στρέφω** (στρεπτός) | τείνω** | τήκω* | φαίνω** | ὤνιος |
| τελευταῖος** | τρέχω** | φθείρω** | |
884. EIGHTH WORD LIST. (LESSONS LXXI—LXXX.)
| Ἀθηναῖος* | γόνυ* | ἐπιτίθημι** | μέλει**(ἐπιμελέομαι, ἀμελέω) | πώ |
| αἰσχύνω** | δείκνῡμι** | εὐρίσκω | | πώς |
| αἰχμάλωτος** | | ἐφίστημι** | μετάπεμπτος** | ῥέω* |
| ἁλίσκομαι** | δέρμα** | ζηλωτός* | μέχρι | σαλπίζω* |
| ἄλλως** | δέρω** | θαυμαστός** | μήποτε** | στέφανος* |
| ἁμαρτάνω | δέω*(bind) | ἵημι** | μισθοφορά** | συμμαχίᾱ** |
| ἀναγιγνώσκω** | διαβαίνω** | ἱππικός** | νεκρός* | σύνοιδα** |
| ἀνατίθημι** | διατίθημι** | ἵστημι** | νεφέλη* | συντίθημι** |
| ἀνίστημι** | διδράσκω** (δρόμος, τρέχω) | κάθημαι* | ξίφος | σωφροσύνη** |
| ἀνίγω* | | κάθίστημι** | οἶδα** | τίθημι** |
| ἄπειμι**(εἶμι) | δίδωμι**(δῶρον) | καίπερ** | οἴχομαι | τιτρώσκω |
| ἀποδείκνῡμι** | διελαύνω** | κάνδυς | ὄλλῡμι** (ὄλεθρος) | τόξευμα** |
| ἀποδιδράσκω** | δύναμαι** (ἀδύνατος) | κατακάω** | | τοσοῦτος |
| ἀπόλλῡμι** | | κατασχίζω** | ὄμνῡμι | τροπή** |
| Ἀπόλλων | δύω** | κεῖμ
αι** | ὅσος | τυγχάνω |
| ἀποπορεύομαι** | εἶμι** | κονιορτός | παλτόν | ὑποπτεύω** |
| Ἀρκάς | ἐκδέρω** | κρεμάννῡμι | παραδίδωμι** | ὑστεραῖος** |
| αὐτοῦ** | ἐμπίμπλημι** | κρίσις** | πίμπλημι** (πλήρης, πλῆθος) | φέρω** (μισθοφόρος,σκευοφόρος) |
| ἀφίημι** | ἐνδύω** | λανθάνω** (ἀληθής, ἀλήθεια, λάθρᾳ) | | |
| βαίνω** | ἐντίθημι** | | πλέω** | |
| βακτηρίᾱ** | ἑξακόσιοι* | | προδιαβαίνω** | φθάνω |
| βιαίως** | ἔπειμι**(εἶμι) | λευκός* | προδίδωμι** | φλυᾱρέω** |
| γέρρον | ἐπιδείκνῡμι** | λίθος* | πρόειμι**(εἶμι) | φλυᾱρίᾱ** |
| γιγνώσκω** (γνώμη) | ἐπίκειμαι** | μανθάνω* | προελαύνω** | χαλεπῶς** |
| ἐπίσταμαι | Μαρσύᾱς | προίημι** | χρῡσοχάλῑνος** |
