LESSON LXXVIII: Second Perfect System without Tense Suffix.
The Conjugation of ἵστημι
717. A few verbs have second perfects and pluperfects formed without tense suffix, after the analogy of verbs in μι, the personal endings being added directly to the verb stem.
718. Learn the conjugation of the second perfect system without tense suffix of ἵστημι.
| Perfect Active Indicative of ἵστημι, SET | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ἔ-στα-κα |
| Second Person Singular | ἔ-στα-κας |
| Third Person Singular | ἔ-στα-κε |
| First Person Plural | ἔ-στα-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἔ-στα-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἔ-στα-σι(ν) |
| Perfect Active Subjunctive of ἵστημι, SET | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ἑ-στῶ |
| Second Person Singular | ἑ-στῇς |
| Third Person Singular | ἑ-στῇ |
| First Person Plural | ἑ-στῶ-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἑ-στῆ-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἑ-στῶ-σι(ν) |
| Perfect Active Optative of ἵστημι, SET | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ἑ-σταίη-ν |
| Second Person Singular | ἑ-σταίη-ς |
| Third Person Singular | ἑ-σταίη |
| First Person Plural | ἑ-σταῖ-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἑ-σταῖ-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἑ-σταῖε-ν |
Notes on the Conjugation of ἵστημι
719. 1. The indicative singular does not occur. The first perfect endings are used instead. The participle ἑστώς (for ἑ-στα-ώς) is declined ἑστώς, ἑστῶσα, ἑστός, genitive ἑστῶτος, ἑστώσης, ἑστῶτος, etc.
2. Other verbs have forms in the second perfect without suffix. Thus, βαίνω (βα), go, βεβᾶσι, they have gone, participle βεβώς; θνῄσκω (θαν), die, τεθνᾶσι, they are dead, participle τεθνεώς; δέδια (δε), fear (cf. δέδοικα), δεδίᾶσι, they fear, participle δεδιώς.
The Conjugation of οἶδα (ἰδ,εἰδ), know
720. Here belongs also the irregular verb in μι, οἶδα (ἰδ, εἰδ), know, a second perfect with present force, formed without reduplication, the pluperfect (as imperfect) being ᾔδη or ᾔδειν.
721. Learn the conjugation of οἶδα.
| Perfect Active Indicative of οἶδα, KNOW | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | οἶδα |
| Second Person Singular | οἶσθα |
| Third Person Singular | οἶδε |
| Second Person Dual | ἴστον |
| Third Person Dual | ἴστον |
| First Person Plural | ἴσμεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἴστε |
| Third Person Plural | ἴσᾱσι |
| Pluperfect Active Indicative of οἶδα, KNOW | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ᾔδη or ᾔδειν |
| Second Person Singular | ᾔδησθα or ᾔδεισθα |
| Third Person Singular | ᾔδει or ᾔδειν |
| Second Person Dual | ᾖστον |
| Third Person Dual | ᾔστην |
| First Person Plural | ᾖσμεν |
| Second Person Plural | ᾖστε |
| Third Person Plural | ᾖσαν or ᾔδεσαν |
| Perfect Active Subjunctive of οἶδα, KNOW | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | εἰδῶ |
| Second Person Singular | εἰδῇς |
| Third Person Singular | εἰδῇ |
| Second Person Dual | εἰδῆτον |
| Third Person Dual | εἰδῆτον |
| First Person Plural | εἰδῶμεν |
| Second Person Plural | εἰδῆτε |
| Third Person Plural | εἰδῶσι |
| Perfect Active Optative of οἶδα, KNOW | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | εἰδείην |
| Second Person Singular | εἰδείης |
| Third Person Singular | εἰδείη |
| Second Person Dual | εἰδεῖτον |
| Third Person Dual | εἰδείτην |
| First Person Plural | εἰδεῖμεν or εἰδείημεν |
| Second Person Plural | εἰδεῖτε or εἰδείητε |
| Third Person Plural | εἰδεῖεν or εἰδείησαν |
722. VOCABULARY.
| Ἀρκάς, άδος, ὁ | an Arcadian. |
| καίπερ | conj., although, used with the concessive participle. |
| μισθο-φορά, ᾶς, ἡ (cf. μισθο-φόρος) | pay. |
| οἶδα, εἴσομαι | know, know of. |
| οἴχομαι, οἰχήσομαι | pres. with perf. force, have gone, be gone. |
| προ-διαβαίνω | cross first. |
| προ-ελαύνω | ride forward, push on. |
| πώ | adv., yet, up to this time (enclitic). |
| συμμαχίᾱ, ᾱς, ἡ (cf. σύμ-μαχος) | alliance. |
| σύν-οιδα | share in knowledge, be conscious. |
723. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
| 1. οὐκ ἴστε ὅ τι ποιεῖτε. |
| 2. οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἕστασαν, ἀποροῦντες τῷ πράγματι1. |
| 3. οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἴσᾱσί πω τὴν ἡμετέρᾱν συμμαχίᾱν. |
| 4. τοὺς προδιαβεβῶτας λαβὼν ᾤχετο. |
| 5. δεδίᾱσι τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς οἱ τὴν μισθοφορὰν ὑπεσχημένοι2. |
| 6. ἄνδρες στρατιῶται, τῶν Ἀρκάδων οἱ μὲν3 τεθνᾶσιν, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἐπὶ γηλόφου τινὸς πολιορκοῦνται. |
| 7. πάρεστι δὲ ὁ σατράπης βουλόμενος εἰδέναι τί πρᾱχθήσεται. |
| 8. οὐ γὰρ ᾔδεσαν οἱ Ἕλληνες Κῦρον τεθνηκότα,4 ἀλλ᾿ εἴκαζον ἢ διώκοντα οἴχεσθαι5 ἢ καταληψόμενόν τι προεληλακέναι5. |
| 9. τῷ δὲ ἀνδρὶ6 πείσομαι, ἵνα εἰδῆτε ὅτι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι ἐπίσταμαι. |
| 10. Ὀρόντᾱν προσεκύνησαν, καίπερ εἰδότες ὅτι ἐπὶ θάνατον ἄγοιτο. |
| 11. οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐφέστασαν ἔξω τῶν δένδρων· οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἀσφαλὲς ἐν τοῖς δένδροις ἑστάναι. |
| 12. σύνοιδα γὰρ ἐμαυτῷ πάντα7 ἐψευσμένος8 αὐτόν. |
NOTES.—1 Dative of cause (866).—2 those who have promised (487, 3 and 4).—3 some (815). Here in the second member we have a fuller expression οἱ λοιποί, the rest, for οἱ δέ, others.—4 Participle in indirect discourse (628). The original thought was Κῦρος τέθνηκε (first perfect).— 5 Infinitive in indirect discourse (469). Their thought was ἢ διώκων οἴχεται ἢ καταληψόμενός τι προελήλακε.—6 Dative following πείσομαι, I will obey (860).—7 Accusative of specification (834).—8 that I have deceived. The participle is in indirect discourse (628).—9 just (things). see 806.
725. The King’s Chariots are useless. Cyrus on the Alert.
τῶν δ᾿ ἁρμάτων τὰ μὲν δι᾿ αὐτῶν τῶν πολεμίων ἐφέροντο,
τὰ δὲ καὶ διὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, κενὰ ἡνιόχων. οἱ δ᾿
ἐπεὶ προΐδοιεν, διίσταντο· καὶ κατελήφθη τις ὥσπερ ἐν
ἱπποδρόμῳ ἐκπλαγείς· καὶ
NOTES.—1. τῶν ἁρμάτων: i.e. of the enemy.—τὰ μὲν. . . τὰ δέ: some . . . others (815).—2. ἡνιόχων: genitive following the adjective signifying want (855).—οἱ δέ: and they, i.e. the Greeks.—3. ἐπεὶ προΐδοιεν, διίσταντο: opened a gap, whenever they saw them coming on, optative in general supposition (533, 5).—κατελήφθη τις ἐκπλαγείς: one Greek was caught in his consternation. He was “rattled” and failed to get out of the way!—4. καὶ . . . ἔφασαν: and yet, in fact (καὶ μέντοι), they said that not even he suffered any harm. For the emphatic negative expressed by the accumulation of negatives, see the note on 616, 10. Cf. the next line.—10. τὶς: a single man.—11. ὁρῶν: when he saw(495, 1).—νῖκῶντας, διώκοντας: participles in indirect discourse (628).—12. ἡδόμενος, προσκυνούμενος: concessive participles (495, 6).—13. οὐδ᾿ ὥς: not even then (thus, under these circumstances). —15. ᾔδει αὐτὸν ὅτι ἔχοι: knew him that he had, i. e. knew that he had.
