LESSON 7: Imperfect Indicative Active
Formation of the Imperfect Active Indicative
66. In the secondary tenses (50) of the indicative, the verb receives an AUGMENT (i.e. increase) at the beginning.
1. Syllabic augment, which prefixes ε to verbs beginning with a consonant, as λύω, imperfect ἔ-λῡον, I was loosing.
2. Temporal augment, which lengthens the first syllable of verbs beginning with a vowel or diphthong, as ἄγω, imperfect ἦγον, I was leading. When augmented, α and ε become η; ι, ο, υ become ῑ, ω, ῡ; αι and ᾳ become ῃ; οι becomes ῳ.
α. ἔχω irregularly has the imperfect εἶχον.
68. The imperfect indicative represents an action as going on in past time, as ἔλῡον, I was loosing or I loosed.
Paradigms for Imperfect Indicative Active Verbs.
λύω (Imperfect Active Indicative) | |
---|---|
First Person Singular | ἔλῡον |
Second Person Singular | ἔλῡες |
Third Person Singular | ἔλῡε |
Second Person Dual | ἐλύετον |
Third Person Dual | ἐλῡέτην |
First Person Plural | ἐλύομεν |
Second Person Plural | ἐλύετε |
Third Person Plural | ἔλῡον |
βουλεύω (Imperfect Active Indicative) | |
---|---|
First Person Singular | ἐβούλευον |
Second Person Singular | ἐβούλευες |
Third Person Singular | ἐβούλευε |
Second Person Dual | ἐβουλεύετον |
Third Person Dual | ἐβουλευέτην |
First Person Plural | ἐβουλεύομεν |
Second Person Plural | ἐβουλεύετε |
Third Person Plural | ἐβούλευον |
πέμπω (Imperfect Active Indicative) | |
---|---|
First Person Singular | ἔπεμπον |
Second Person Singular | ἔπεμπες |
Third Person Singular | ἔπεμπε |
Second Person Dual | ἐπέμπετον |
Third Person Dual | ἐπεμπέτην |
First Person Plural | ἐπέμπομεν |
Second Person Plural | ἐπέμπετε |
Third Person Plural | ἔπεμπον |
ἁρπάζω (Imperfect Active Indicative) | |
---|---|
First Person Singular | ἥρπαζον |
Second Person Singular | ἥρπαζες |
Third Person Singular | ἥρπαζε |
Second Person Dual | ἡρπάζετον |
Third Person Dual | ἡρπαζέτην |
First Person Plural | ἡρπάζομεν |
Second Person Plural | ἡρπάζετε |
Third Person Plural | ἥρπαζον |
70. Verbs have recessive accent (53). But, under the general laws, the accent sometimes shifts (19), as ἔλῡον, ἐλύομεν, etc., sometimes changes (21), as εἶχον, I had, εἴχομεν, we had.
63. VOCABULARY.
Review the meanings of all the words given in the vocabularies of Lessons III.-VI.
71. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
1. ἐλύετε. |
2. ἦγον. |
3. εἴχετε. |
4. ἔλῡον. |
5. ἦγες. |
6. εἶχε. |
7. ἐβούλευες. |
8. ἔπεμπε. |
9. ἡρπάζομεν. |
10. ἐβουλεύομεν. |
73. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
1. ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς εἶχε. |
2. τὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν1 εἰς τὴν κώμην. |
3. ἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς. |
4. ἥρπαζες τὰς σκηνάς; |
5. ἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν. |
6. οὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς μῑκρὰς κώμᾱς. |
7. ἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἴχετε. |
8. ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν. |
9. μαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν.1 |
10. φυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν. |
NOTE.—1 For ν movable, see 17.