LESSON LVII: Conditional Sentences. General Suppositions.
Conditional Sentences
522. Review the discussion of Conditional Sentences in Lesson 31, Lesson 32, and Lesson 38.
The suppositions expressed in section 304 of lesson 31 are particular (see 302).
General Conditions
523. Consider the following examples:
1. ἐάν τις κλέπτῃ, κολάζεται, if any one (ever) steals, he is (always) punished.
2. εἴ τις κλέπτοι, ἐκολάζετο, if any one (ever) stole, he was (always) punished.
In these examples, the suppostions are not particular, but general (see 302). In the first example, the supposition is present; it is introduced by ἐάν, if, and has the subjunctive; the apodosis has here the present indicative, but it may have any present form denoting repetition.
524. Present general suppositions have ἐάν with the subjunctive in the protasis and the present indicative (or some other present form denoting repetition) in the apodosis.
In the second example, the supposition is past; it is introduced by εἰ, if, and has the optative; the apodosis has here the imperfect indicative, but it may have any past form denoting repetition.
525. Past general suppositions have εἰ with the optative in the protasis, and the imperfect indicative (or some other form denoting past repetition) in the apodosis.
527. VOCABULARY.
| ἀεί | adv., always, ever. |
| ἐκ-ποδών (ἐξ + πούς) | adv., out of the way. |
| ἐπικούρημα, ατος, τό | relief. |
| ἔργον, ου, τό | work, deed. |
| κλέπτω (κλεπ), κλέψω, ἔκλεψα, κέκλοφα, κέκλεμμαι, ἐκλάπην (cf. κλώψ) | steal. |
| κολάζω (κολαδ), κολάσω, ἐκόλασα, κεκόλασμαι, ἐκολάσθην | punish. |
| οὔ-ποτε (οὐ + ποτέ) | adv., never. |
| ποτέ | adv., once, ever (enclitic). |
| πούς, ποδός, ὁ | foot. |
| ὑπ-ισχνέομαι (σεχ), ὑπο-σχήσομαι, ὑπεσχόμην, ὑπ-έσχημαι (ὑπό + ἔχω) | hold oneself under, undertake, promise. |
| ὑπο-λύω | loose beneath; mid., untie one’s sandals or shoes. |
| ψεύδομαι, ψεύσομαι, ἐψευσάμην, ἔψευσμαι | lie, cheat, deceive. |
528. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
| 1. εἴ τῳ1 ὑπόσχοιτό2 τι Κῦρος, οὔποτε ἐψεύδετο. |
| 2. εἴ τίς ποτε κλέπτοι τῶν πελταστῶν, ἐκολάζετο. |
| 3. ἦν ἐπικούρημα τῶν ποδῶν, εἴ τις τὴν νύκτα3 ὑπολύοιτο. |
| 4. οἱ θεοὶ ἱκανοί εἰσι τοὺς μῑκρούς, κἂν4 ἐν δεινοῖς ὦσι, σῴζειν ῥᾳδίως. |
| 5. οὐκ ἂν ἐποίησε ταῦτα, εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ αὐτὸν ἐκέλευσα. |
| 6. ἐάν τίς τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν ποιήσῃ αὐτόν, ἀεὶ νῑκᾶν5 πειρᾶται. |
| 7. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄν με ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπαινοίη, εἰ ἀδικοίην τοὺς φίλους. |
| 8. ἄνδρες, ἐάν μοι πεισθῆτε,6 τοῦτον τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκποδὼν ποιήσεσθε. |
| 9. εἰ ὑμεῖς ἐθέλετε ὁρμᾶσθαι, ἕπεσθαι ὑμῖν βούλομαι. |
| 10. καὶ εἴ τις αὐτῷ δοκοίη τῶν πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον τεταγμένων σχολαίως ποιεῖν, τὸν ἐπιτήδειον ἔπαιεν. |
NOTES.—1 I.e. τινι (763).—2 Second aorist optative.—3during the night, accusative of extent of time (836).—4 I.e. καὶ ἐάν, even if. —5 to be superior, to outdo (him). —6 With the force of the middle, obey. —7 παρὰ ἐμέ.
530. Clearchus advises that Orontas be put to Death. The Others Concur.
πρὸς ταῦτα Κῦρος ἔλεξε τοῖς παροῦσιν, “Ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ
ταῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε, ταῦτα δὲ λέγει· ὑμῶν δὲ σὺ πρῶτος,
ὦ Κλέαρχε, λέξον ὅ τι σοι δοκεῖ.” Κλέαρχος δὲ ἔλεξε
τάδε· “Συμβουλεύω ἐγὼ τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον ἐκποδὼν ποιεῖσθαι,
NOTES. —1. πρὸς ταῦτα: in view of this, thereupon. —τοῖς παροῦσιν: to those present (487, 3 and 4). —6. ταὐτά: i.e. τὰ αὐτά. —ἔφη: i.e. Clearchus, when the trial was over.
