LESSON LVI: Relative Pronouns. Genitive Absolute. Numerals.
Relative Pronouns
512. The relative pronouns are ὅς, ἥ, ὅ, who, which, and ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι, whoever, whichever. The latter is called the indefinite relative.
513. Learn the declension of ὅς and ὅστις.
| Masculine Relative Pronoun | |
|---|---|
| Nominative Singular | ὅς |
| Genitive Singular | οὗ |
| Dative Singular | ᾧ |
| Accusative Singular | ὅν |
| Nominative Plural | οἵ |
| Genitive Plural | ὧν |
| Dative Plural | οἷς |
| Accusative Plural | οὕς |
| Feminine Relative Pronoun | |
|---|---|
| Nominative Singular | ἤ |
| Genitive Singular | ἧς |
| Dative Singular | ᾗ |
| Accusative Singular | ἥν |
| Nominative Plural | αἵ |
| Genitive Plural | ὧν |
| Dative Plural | αἷς |
| Accusative Plural | ἅς |
| Neuter Relative Pronoun | |
|---|---|
| Nominative Singular | ὄ |
| Genitive Singular | οὗ |
| Dative Singular | ᾧ |
| Accusative Singular | ὅ |
| Nominative Plural | ἅ |
| Genitive Plural | ὧν |
| Dative Plural | οἷς |
| Accusative Plural | ἅ |
| Masculine Indefinite Relative Pronoun | |
|---|---|
| Nominative Singular | ὄστις |
| Genitive Singular | οὗτινος, ὅτου |
| Dative Singular | ᾧτινι, ὅτῳ |
| Accusative Singular | ὅντινα |
| Nominative Plural | οἵτινες |
| Genitive Plural | ὧντινων, ὄτων |
| Dative Plural | οἷστισι, ὅτοις |
| Accusative Plural | οὕστινας |
| Feminine Indefinite Relative Pronoun | |
|---|---|
| Nominative Singular | ἤτις |
| Genitive Singular | ἧστινος |
| Dative Singular | ᾗτινι |
| Accusative Singular | ἥντινα |
| Nominative Plural | αἵτινες |
| Genitive Plural | ὧντινων |
| Dative Plural | αἷστισι |
| Accusative Plural | ἅστινας |
| Neuter Indefinite Relative Pronoun | |
|---|---|
| Nominative Singular | ὅτι |
| Genitive Singular | οὗτινος, ὅτου |
| Dative Singular | ᾧτινι, ὅτῳ |
| Accusative Singular | ὅ τι |
| Nominative Plural | ἅτινα, ἅττα |
| Genitive Plural | ὧντινων, ὄτων |
| Dative Plural | οἷστισι, ὅτοις |
| Accusative Plural | ἅτινα, ἅττα |
514. ὅστις is compounded of the simple relative ὅς and the indefinite enclitic τὶς (354), each part being separately declined. ὅ τι is so written to distinguish it from ὅτι, that, because.
The Genitive Absolute
516. A noun and a participle not grammatically connected with the main construction of the sentence may stand by themselves in the genitive. This is called the Genitive Absolute.
515. 1. ταῦτ᾿ ἐπράχθη Κλεάρχου στρατηγοῦντος, this was done when Clearchus was general.
2. μετὰ ταῦτα Κύρου κελεύοντος Ὀρόντᾱν ἀπάγουσιν, after this, at the command of Cyrus, they lead Orontas away.
These participles are circumstantial (495), and express time and cause; each modifies a noun in the genitive; the noun and participle are not grammatically connected with the main construction of the sentence.
Numerals
517. Learn the first ten cardinal numerals, and the declension of εἷς, δύο, τρεῖς, and τέτταρες.
| εἷς, μία, ἕν | one |
| δύο | two |
| τρεῖς, τρία | three |
| τέτταρες, τέτταρα | four |
| πέντε | five |
| ἕξ | six |
| ἑπτά | seven |
| ὀκτώ | eight |
| ἐννέα | nine |
| δέκα | ten |
518. VOCABULARY.
| εἷς, μία, ἕν | one. |
| ἐξ-ελαύνω | drive out; intrans., march, march on. |
| Ζεύς, Διός, ὁ | Zeus, highest of the gods. Nos. 52, 61. |
| κατα-πράττω | do thoroughly, accomplish. |
| ὅς, ἥ, ὅ | rel. pron., who, which. |
| ὅσ-τις, ἥτις, ὅ τι (ὅς + τὶς) | rel. pron., whoever, whichever. |
| οὐδ-είς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν | declined like εἷς (οὐδέ + εἷς), none, no, nobody, nothing. |
| στάδιον, ου, τό | stadium, stade, 600 Greek feet. |
| στρατηγέω, στρατηγήσω, ἐστρατήγησα, ἐστρατήγηκα (cf. στρατηγός) | be general, lead, take command, command. |
| σωτήρ, ῆρος, ὁ (cf. σῴζω) | preserver, savior, a title given to Zeus. |
| τέτταρες | a, four. |
| τρεῖς, τρία | three. |
| τρίτος, η, ον (cf. τρεῖς) | third; τὸ τρίτον as adv., the third time. |
519. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
| 1. ἡγεμόνα αἰτεῖτε1 ὅστις2 ὑμᾶς ἀπάξει. |
| 2. ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς σταθμὸν ἕνα εἰς πόλιν οἰκουμένην, εὐδαίμονα καὶ μεγάλην. |
| 3. ἦσαν δὲ αὐτοῖς βόες οὓς ἔθῡσαν τῷ Διὶ τῷ σωτῆρι. |
| 4. ἐὰν καλῶς καταπράξω ἐφ᾿ ἃ3 στρατεύομαι, κατάξω ὑμᾶς οἴκαδε. |
| 5. μετὰ ταῦτα, ὦ Ὀρόντα, ἔστιν4 ὅ τι5 σε ἠδίκησα; |
| 6. Κύρου δὲ κελεύσαντος Ἀρίστιππος ἀπέπεμψεν ὃ εἶχε στράτευμα6. |
| 7. ἐντεῦθεν ἐλαύνουσι Κύρου στρατηγοῦντος σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην ποταμόν, οὗ ἦν τὸ εὖρος τέτταρα στάδια. |
| 8. ἐν δὲ τῷ τρίτῳ σταθμῷ Κῦρος ἐξέτασιν ποιεῖται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ περὶ μέσᾶς νύκτας, οὐδενὸς κωλύντος. |
NOTES.—1 Imperative.—2 The case of the relative depends on the construction of the clause in which it stands (826). —3 The antecedent is omitted (827).—4 For the accent, see 166, 2.—5 A cognate accusative (833), is there any wrong that I have done you?—6 The antecedent is attracted into the relative clause (829), for ἀπέπεμψε τὸ στράτευμα ὃ εἶχε.—7 παρὰ βασιλεῖ.—8 Imperfect.
521. Orontas confesses his Treachery.
“Τί οὖν,” ἔφη ὁ Κῦρος, “ἀδικηθεὶς ὑπ᾿ ἐμοῦ νῦν τὸ
τρίτον ἐπιβουλεύεις μοι;” λέξαντος δὲ τοῦ Ὀρόντᾱ ὅτι
οὐδὲν ἀδικηθεὶς ἐπιβουλεύει, ἠρώτησεν ὁ Κῦρος αὐτόν,
“Ὁμολογεῖς οὖν περὶ ἐμὲ ἀδικῆσαι;” “Ὁμολογῶ,” ἔφη
NOTES.—1. ἀδικηθείς: here causal (495, 2), because you have suffered what wrong? but in line 3 concessive (495), although he had suffered no wrong.— 4. ἀδικῆσαι: infinitive in indirect discourse (469).—8. σοί γε: to you at any rate.—ποτὲ ἔτι: ever again.—δόξαιμι: sc. φίλος καὶ πιστὸς εἶναι.
