LESSON XIX: Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative Middle.
What Is The Middle Voice?
174. In the Middle (48) voice the subject is represented as
acting:
- 1. On himself, as πορεύω, make go, middle, make oneself go, proceed;
πείθω, persuade, middle, persuade oneself, trust, obey.
- 2. For himself, as ἀγοράζω, buy, middle,buy for oneself; μεταπέμπω,
send after, middle, send for a person or thing to come to oneself, summon,
send for; στρατεύω, make war, middle, take the field, march.
- 3. On something belonging to himself, as λύω, loose, middle, loose one’s
own, ransom; ἄγω, bring, middle, bring one’s own.
Endings of the Middle Voice
175. The personal endings (136) in the indicative middle
are:
Middle Endings for the Primary Tenses |
| SINGULAR. | DUAL. | PLURAL. |
1 | -μαι | | -μεθα |
2 | -σαι | -σθον | -σθε |
3 | -ται | -σθον | -νται |
Middle Endings for the Secondary Tenses |
| SINGULAR. | DUAL. | PLURAL. |
1 | -μην | | -μεθα |
2 | -σο | -σθον | -σθε |
3 | -το | -σθην | -ντο |
176. Learn the conjugation of the present, imperfect, and future indicative middle of λύω.
Present Indicative Middle of λύω |
First Person Singular | λύο-μαι |
Second Person Singular | λύει |
Third Person Singular | λύε-ται |
Second Person Dual | λύε-σθον |
Third Person Dual | λύε-σθον |
First Person Plural | λῡό-μεθα |
Second Person Plural | λύε-σθε |
Third Person Plural | λύο-νται |
Imperfect Indicative Middle of λύω |
First Person Singular | ἐ-λῡό-μην |
Second Person Singular | ἐ-λύου |
Third Person Singular | ἐ-λύε-το |
Second Person Dual | ἐ-λύε-σθον |
Third Person Dual | ἐ-λῡέ-σθην |
First Person Plural | ἐ-λῡό-μεθα |
Second Person Plural | ἐ-λύε-σθε |
Third Person Plural | ἐ-λύο-ντο |
Future Indicative Middle of λύω |
First Person Singular | λύσο-μαι |
Second Person Singular | λύσει |
Third Person Singular | λύσε-ται |
Second Person Dual | λύσε-σθον |
Third Person Dual | λύσε-σθον |
First Person Plural | λῡσό-μεθα |
Second Person Plural | λύσε-σθε |
Third Person Plural | λύσο-νται |
177. The present stem, found in the present and imperfect, is λῡο/ε
(138 and 147), the future stem is λῡσ ο/ε (139). The forms λύει, ἐλύου,
and λύσει, are the shortened forms of λῡε-σαι, ἐλῡε-σο and λῡσε-σαι.
178. VOCABULARY.
ἀγοράζω (ἀγοραδ), ἀγοράσω, ἠγόρασα, ἠγόρακα (cf. ἀγορά) | frequent the market-place, buy. |
ἀλήθεια, ᾱς, ἡ | truth. |
βαρβαρικός, ή, όν (cf. βάρβαρος) | barbarian; τὸ βαρβαρικόν, the Persian force of Cyrus. |
ἕτοιμος, η, ον, or ος, ον (130) | ready, prepared. |
μετα-πέμπομαι | send for, summon. |
πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα | persuade; mid., obey. |
πέρᾱν | adv., across, beyond. |
πιστεύω, πιστεύσω, ἐπίστευσα (cf. πιστός) | put faith in, trust. |
πορεύομαι, πορεύσομαι, πεπόρευμαι | proceed. |
συμ-βουλεύω | plan with, advise; mid., consult with. |
συ-στρατεύομαι | serve in war with, take the field with. |
179. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
1. συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρῳ· πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷ.1 |
2. οὐκ ἐπείθου1 τοῖς θεοῖς. |
3. τῇ δ᾿ ἀληθείᾳ2 ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόν. |
4. Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν ἄξεται. |
5. τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἕτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι.3 |
6. Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόν. |
7. διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱς. |
8. Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεται. |
9. πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου4 ἦν κώμη· ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδεια. |
NOTES.—1 The dative of the indirect object follows verbs signifying to
trust and obey (860).—2 rē uērā, dative of manner (866). Abstract nouns
in Greek often take the article.—3 to ransom, present infinitive middle, ending
in εσθαι.—4 Adverbs of place may be followed by the genitive (856).
181. All his Troops muster at Sardis.
ἐπεὶ δ᾿ ἕτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω, λέγει μὲν ὅτι
στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς· τῇ δ᾿ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν
ἐπορεύετο. καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς (as if) ἐπὶ τούτους τό τε
βαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν. ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τόν
τε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰς
Λῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θετταλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς. ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ
τοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι. οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντο·
ἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ.
REVIEW AND PRACTICE: