LESSON XVI: Analysis of the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative Active
Personal Endings of the Secondary Tenses in the Active Voice
145. The personal endings of the secondary (50) tenses in the active voice are:
| SINGULAR. | DUAL. | PLURAL. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | -v | -μεν | |
| 2 | -ς | -τον | -τε |
| 3 | -ς | -την | -ν or -σαν |
146. Review the conjugation of the imperfect, first aorist, and first pluperfect indicative active of λύω
| λύω (Imperfect Indicative Active) | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ἔ-λῡο-ν |
| Second Person Singular | ἔ-λῡο-ν |
| Third Person Singular | ἔ-λῡε |
| Second Person Dual | ἐ-λύε-τον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-λῡέ-την |
| First Person Plural | ἐ-λύο-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἐ-λύε-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἔ-λῡο-ν |
| λύω (Aorist Indicative Active) | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | ἔ-λῡσα |
| Second Person Singular | ἔ-λῡσα-ς |
| Third Person Singular | ἔ-λῡσε |
| Second Person Dual | ἐ-λύσα-τον |
| Third Person Dual | ἐ-λῡσά-την |
| First Person Plural | ἐ-λύσα-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | ἐ-λύσα-τε |
| Third Person Plural | ἔ-λῡσα-ν |
| λύω (Perfect Indicative Active) | |
|---|---|
| First Person Singular | λέλυκα |
| Second Person Singular | λέλυκα-ς |
| Third Person Singular | λέλυκε |
| Second Person Dual | λελύκα-τον |
| Third Person Dual | λελύκα-τον |
| First Person Plural | λελύκα-μεν |
| Second Person Plural | λελύκα-τε |
| Third Person Plural | λελύκᾱσι |
Notes on the Formation of the Imperfect, Aorist, and Perfect Active Indicative
147. The imperfect is formed on the augmented present stem (138).
148. The first aorist stem of λύω is λῡσα, formed by adding the tense suffix σα to the verb stem. The aorist has augment. In the first person singular, ν is dropped, and in the third α is changed to ε.
149. The first pluperfect is formed on the first perfect stem (140), with κε for κα. In the singular ν is dropped and κε appears as κη, κη, κει.
150. VOCABULARY.
| ἄλλος, ἄλλη,ἄλλο | other, another; with the article, the other, the rest of. |
| δασμός,οῦ, ὁ | tax, tribute. |
| ἱκανός,ή, όν | sufficient, able, capable. |
| λοχᾱγός,οῦ, ὁ | captain. |
| οὖν | conj., therefore, then, so (a postpositive). |
| σπονδή,ῆς, ἡ | libation; plur., truce. |
| συμ-πέμπω | send with. |
| τοξεύω, ἐτόξευσα (cf.τόξον, τοξότης) | use one’s bow, shoot. |
| φρούραρχος,ου, ὁ | commander of a garrison. |
| ὧδε | adv., thus, as follows. |
151. READ ALOUD AND TRANSLATE:
| 1. τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσαν. |
| 2. Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν1 ἐβούλευεν. |
| 3. οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς. |
| 4. καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱν. |
| 5. συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούς. |
| 6. ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς σπονδάς, τὰς κώμᾱς διαρπάσομεν. |
| 7. οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων. |
| 8. τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν Κλέαρχον. |
| 9. ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξης ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπειν. |
| 10. στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν.2 |
NOTES.—1κακόν, evil, neuter singular of κακός used as a noun.— 2Dependent on ἱκανούς, enough to plunder.
153. Cyrus begins to take Active Measures.
τὴν δὲ στρατιὰν τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε· τοὺς
τῶν φυλακῶν φρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς
Πελοποννησίους· ἐνόμιζε γάρ, ὡς (as) ἔλεγε, Τισσαφέρνην
ἐπιβουλεύειν τῇ ἀρχῇ. καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ
NOTES.—3. Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν: translate, that Tissaphernes was plotting against.—4. μέν: see the general vocabulary.—6. πολιορκεῖ: by contraction for πολιορκέει, present third singular of πολιορκέω, besiege.
